cytogenetics
Chromosome heredity study
Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics that studies chromosomes—their structure, number, and behavior.
The field examines how chromosomal abnormalities cause genetic disorders: Cytogenetics revealed the extra chromosome responsible for Down syndrome.
Clinical cytogenetics analyzes chromosome samples to diagnose conditions and guide treatment.
Three chromosomes, not two
- translocationMovement to another place
- deletionRemoval of content
- duplicationMaking an identical copy
- inversionReversal of position
Organized chromosome display
- chromatidReplicated chromosome copy
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
- telomereProtective chromosome terminus
- chromatinNuclear protein-wrapped genetic material
autosomes · homologous · nucleosome · histones · diploid · haploid · locus · satellite
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- metaphaseChromosomal equator formation stage
- anaphaseChromatid separation stage
- prophaseFirst mitotic stage
interphase · cytokinesis · spindle · recombination · synapsis · bivalent · chiasma
Visualizing chromosomal arrangement
- FISHChromosome sequence visualization method
- G-bandingChromosome visualization staining method
- fluorescenceLight emitted after absorption
- microarrayGene expression detection tool
Property received from ancestors
- MendelianPertaining to inheritance laws
- genesUnits of heredity
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- dominantHaving superior influence
recessive · genotype · phenotype · pedigree · linkage · sex-linked · hereditary · carrier
Prenatal diagnostic fluid extraction
- leukemiaMalignancy of blood-forming tissues
- lymphomaCancer from immune cells
- constitutionalHealth-promoting walk
- acquiredCame to possess
trisomy
Three chromosomes, not two
- translocationMovement to another place
- deletionRemoval of content
- duplicationMaking an identical copy
karyotype
Organized chromosome display
- chromatidReplicated chromosome copy
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
- telomereProtective chromosome terminus
chromatin · autosomes · homologous · nucleosome · histones · diploid · haploid · locus · satellite
mitosis
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- metaphaseChromosomal equator formation stage
- anaphaseChromatid separation stage
prophase · interphase · cytokinesis · spindle · recombination · synapsis · bivalent · chiasma
karyotyping
Visualizing chromosomal arrangement
- FISHChromosome sequence visualization method
- G-bandingChromosome visualization staining method
- fluorescenceLight emitted after absorption
inheritance
Property received from ancestors
dominant · recessive · genotype · phenotype · pedigree · linkage · sex-linked · hereditary · carrier · familial
amniocentesis
Prenatal diagnostic fluid extraction
- leukemiaMalignancy of blood-forming tissues
- lymphomaCancer from immune cells
- constitutionalHealth-promoting walk