autosomes
Paired body chromosomes
Autosomes are the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.
In humans, 22 of the 23 chromosome pairs are autosomes, with the remaining pair being the sex chromosomes (X and Y) that determine biological sex.
Genes on autosomes are inherited equally regardless of whether the offspring is male or female, unlike sex-linked traits.
Most genetic information, including genes for physical characteristics and many hereditary conditions, is carried on autosomes.
Gene-bearing nuclear structures
- somaticConcerning the body
- pairsMatched sets of two
- homologousHaving shared evolutionary origin
- diploidTwo complete chromosome sets
numbered · karyotype · genetic · inheritance · alleles · loci · maternal · paternal
Three chromosomes, not two
- Down syndromeThird chromosome 21 present
- deletionRemoval of content
- duplicationMaking an identical copy
- translocationMovement to another place
inversion · genetic testing · prenatal screening · amniocentesis · karyotyping · mosaicism · carrier · inherited disorders
Diagram of correspondences
- sequencingDetermining element order
- linkageConnected system of parts
- markersPens with porous tips
- GWASGenetic variant population analysis
gene expression · evolutionary · conservation · bioinformatics · annotation · assembly · FISH · cytogenetics
chromosomes
Gene-bearing nuclear structures
- somaticConcerning the body
- pairsMatched sets of two
- homologousHaving shared evolutionary origin
diploid · numbered · karyotype · genetic · inheritance · alleles · loci · maternal · paternal · centromere
trisomy
Three chromosomes, not two
- Down syndromeThird chromosome 21 present
- deletionRemoval of content
- duplicationMaking an identical copy
translocation · inversion · genetic testing · prenatal screening · amniocentesis · karyotyping · mosaicism · carrier · inherited disorders · Mendelian
mapping
Diagram of correspondences
- sequencingDetermining element order
- linkageConnected system of parts
- markersPens with porous tips
GWAS · gene expression · evolutionary · conservation · bioinformatics · annotation · assembly · FISH · cytogenetics · chromatin