racial segregation
Ethnicity-driven division policy
Racial segregation is the separation of people by race in housing, education, public facilities, or social life.
It may be enforced by law (as under Jim Crow in the American South or apartheid in South Africa) or maintained through social custom and economic pressure.
The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
Racial separation laws
- Plessy v. FergusonRuling allowing racial separation
- Brown v. BoardDesegregation Supreme Court decision
- slaveryOwnership of people
- ReconstructionPost-1865 national reunification period
Freedmen's Bureau · 14th Amendment · NAACP · Ku Klux Klan · poll tax · literacy test · grandfather clause · separate but equal
Refusing loans by neighborhood
- sundown townsSegregated communities expelling minorities nightly
- white flightDemographic shift toward segregated areas
- housing covenantsBinding property use agreements
- ghettoizationForced residential segregation
color line · ethnic enclaves · exclusion zones · busing · blockbusting · urban renewal · inner city · housing discrimination
Doctrine of racial superiority
- prejudicePreformed unfavorable opinion
- bigotryIntolerance toward differing views
- intoleranceUnwillingness to accept differences
- ethnocentrismBelief one's culture superior
supremacism · colorism · xenophobia · othering · dehumanization · stereotyping · eugenics · segregationist
Apartheid-era massacre location
- SowetoTownship near Johannesburg
- townshipsRural administrative districts
- Group Areas ActLaw dictating residence by race
- Robben IslandSouth African prison colony
Nelson Mandela · Steve Biko · disinvestment · sanctions · boycott · Desmond Tutu · forced removals
Institutionalized unequal treatment
- disenfranchisementRemoval of voting rights
- marginalizationRelegation to powerless periphery
- oppressionUnjust exercise of power
- caste systemHereditary class division
stratification · educational inequality · employment discrimination · mass incarceration · school-to-prison pipeline · wealth gap · opportunity gap
Jim Crow
Racial separation laws
- Plessy v. FergusonRuling allowing racial separation
- Brown v. BoardDesegregation Supreme Court decision
- slaveryOwnership of people
Reconstruction · Freedmen's Bureau · 14th Amendment · NAACP · Ku Klux Klan · poll tax · literacy test · grandfather clause · separate but equal · Freedom Riders
redlining
Refusing loans by neighborhood
- sundown townsSegregated communities expelling minorities nightly
- white flightDemographic shift toward segregated areas
- housing covenantsBinding property use agreements
ghettoization · color line · ethnic enclaves · exclusion zones · busing · blockbusting · urban renewal · inner city · housing discrimination
white supremacy
Doctrine of racial superiority
- prejudicePreformed unfavorable opinion
- bigotryIntolerance toward differing views
- intoleranceUnwillingness to accept differences
ethnocentrism · supremacism · colorism · xenophobia · othering · dehumanization · stereotyping · eugenics · segregationist
Sharpeville
Apartheid-era massacre location
- SowetoTownship near Johannesburg
- townshipsRural administrative districts
- Group Areas ActLaw dictating residence by race
Nelson Mandela · Steve Biko · Robben Island · disinvestment · sanctions · boycott · Desmond Tutu · forced removals
structural inequality
Institutionalized unequal treatment
- disenfranchisementRemoval of voting rights
- marginalizationRelegation to powerless periphery
- oppressionUnjust exercise of power
caste system · stratification · educational inequality · employment discrimination · mass incarceration · school-to-prison pipeline · wealth gap · opportunity gap
- Apartheidapartheid, pass laws, Group Areas Act, passbook, passbooks
- South African Historyapartheid, Nelson Mandela, Mandela, Soweto, Sharpeville
- Reconstructionfreedmen, Freedmen's Bureau, Fourteenth Amendment, Fifteenth Amendment, carpetbaggers
- Alabama HistoryMontgomery, Birmingham, Selma, Montgomery bus boycott, Martin Luther King Jr.
- Mississippi HistoryMississippi Delta, Mississippi River, Vicksburg, Jackson, Natchez
racial segregationintegration
Combining into a whole
racial integration · desegregation · social integration · inclusivity · inclusion
racial segregationracial equality
Equal treatment regardless of ancestry
civil rights · equal rights · emancipation · racial justice · egalitarianism
racial segregationracial unity
Cohesion among ethnic groups
brotherhood · racial reconciliation · social cohesion · togetherness · coexistence
racism, racing, racist, racer, racial, segregation, racers, multiracial, interracial