magma
Earth's liquid core
Magma is molten rock beneath the earth's surface, held under pressure in the crust or mantle.
When it reaches the surface through volcanic eruption, it becomes lava.
The word extends metaphorically to any seething, formless source: a magma of creative energy, the magma of political unrest.
Hot eruption debris
- ashCombustion's powdery remains
- plumeOrnamental feather or rising column
- explosiveProne to sudden detonation
- effusiveUnrestrainedly emotional in expression
caldera · vent · fissure · tephra · pumice · scoria · lahar · fountain
Transferred thermal energy
- temperatureMeasured heat intensity
- incandescentGlowing from heat
- glowSteady, soft light
- flowUnbroken forward movement
viscous · fluid · thermal · melting · superheat · convection · red-hot · white-hot
Fine-grained volcanic stone
- graniteIgneous rock, quartz-rich
- rhyolitePale volcanic igneous rock
- andesiteIntermediate volcanic rock
- dioriteFeldspar-hornblende igneous rock
gabbro · obsidian · tuff · intrusive · extrusive · plutonic · volcanic · glassy
Covering or wrap
- asthenosphereDuctile upper mantle layer
- lithosphereCrust plus upper mantle
- subductionPlate descending beneath another
- tectonicsStudy of crustal deformation
hotspot · rift · geothermal · petrology · volcanology · seismicity · tremor · convection
Earth's fiery vent
- stratovolcanoLayered cone-shaped volcanic mountain
- supervolcanoMassive eruption-capable geological formation
- fumaroleVolcanic gas vent
- craterImpact or volcanic basin
Kilauea · Etna · Vesuvius · Yellowstone · thermophile · dormant · active
pyroclastic
Hot eruption debris
- ashCombustion's powdery remains
- plumeOrnamental feather or rising column
- explosiveProne to sudden detonation
effusive · caldera · vent · fissure · tephra · pumice · scoria · lahar · fountain · spatter
heat
Transferred thermal energy
- temperatureMeasured heat intensity
- incandescentGlowing from heat
- glowSteady, soft light
flow · viscous · fluid · thermal · melting · superheat · convection · red-hot · white-hot · liquefied
basalt
Fine-grained volcanic stone
- graniteIgneous rock, quartz-rich
- rhyolitePale volcanic igneous rock
- andesiteIntermediate volcanic rock
diorite · gabbro · obsidian · tuff · intrusive · extrusive · plutonic · volcanic · glassy · vesicular
mantle
Covering or wrap
- asthenosphereDuctile upper mantle layer
- lithosphereCrust plus upper mantle
- subductionPlate descending beneath another
tectonics · hotspot · rift · geothermal · petrology · volcanology · seismicity · tremor · convection · upwelling
volcano
Earth's fiery vent
- stratovolcanoLayered cone-shaped volcanic mountain
- supervolcanoMassive eruption-capable geological formation
- fumaroleVolcanic gas vent
crater · Kilauea · Etna · Vesuvius · Yellowstone · thermophile · dormant · active
silicate
Oxygen-bound crystal compound
density · minerals · olivine · pyroxene · feldspar · crystallization · solidus · volatile · sulfur · assimilation
reservoir
Large water storage basin
- plutonSubterranean cooled magma body
- batholithLarge underground igneous mass
- dikeWall against flooding
sill · intrusion · conduit · feeder · storage · pressure · buoyancy · replenishment · cumulate · segregation
- earth scienceatmosphere, earthquake, geology, volcano, crust
- volcanic activityeruption, active, dormant, extinct, volcanic ash
- volcanicsvolcanoes, eruptions, volcanic ash, tephra, pyroclastic flows
- volcanoesvolcano, volcanic eruption, Mount Fuji, volcanic eruptions, caldera
- geology termsfossils, rock layers, schist, core sample, gneiss
- Volcanismeruption, volcanic eruption, volcanism, volcanic vent, volcanic ash
magmaice
Water's solid form
solid rock · glacier · permafrost · bedrock · crystal
- magma chambersSubsurface molten rock reservoirs
- hot magma