lahar
Mountain's mud surge
A lahar is a destructive mudflow of volcanic debris and water that rushes down the slopes of a volcano.
Lahars occur when heavy rain, melting snow, or a breached crater lake mixes with loose volcanic ash and rock.
They can travel dozens of miles, burying everything in their path: The lahar from Mount Pinatubo destroyed entire villages downstream.
Fast-moving liquefied earth
- debrisScattered broken fragments
- slurrySemifluid mixture of solids
- sedimentParticles settling in liquid
- siltWaterborne earth particles
clay · liquefaction · flowage · muck · ooze · sludge · alluvium · channel
Violent sudden release
- pyroclasticHot eruption debris
- magmaMolten rock underground
- craterImpact or volcanic basin
- stratovolcanoLayered cone-shaped volcanic mountain
caldera · tephra · andesite · basalt · pumice · fumarole · vent · ash
Water from melted ice
- glacierSlow-moving ice mass
- snowmeltLiquefied winter precipitation
- rainfallWater falling from clouds
- floodOverwhelming water overflow
deluge · torrent · cascade · overflow · stream · drainage · watershed · saturation
Removal from danger
- catastropheDevastating, large-scale misfortune
- destructionAct of completely ruining
- fatalitiesLosses of life
- survivorsThose still alive after
emergency · devastation · aftermath · displaced · crisis · ruins · warning · siren
mudflow
Fast-moving liquefied earth
- debrisScattered broken fragments
- slurrySemifluid mixture of solids
- sedimentParticles settling in liquid
silt · clay · liquefaction · flowage · muck · ooze · sludge · alluvium · channel · pathway
eruption
Violent sudden release
- pyroclasticHot eruption debris
- magmaMolten rock underground
- craterImpact or volcanic basin
stratovolcano · caldera · tephra · andesite · basalt · pumice · fumarole · vent · ash · geothermal
meltwater
Water from melted ice
flood · deluge · torrent · cascade · overflow · stream · drainage · watershed · saturation · monsoon
evacuation
Removal from danger
- catastropheDevastating, large-scale misfortune
- destructionAct of completely ruining
- fatalitiesLosses of life
survivors · emergency · devastation · aftermath · displaced · crisis · ruins · warning · siren · hazard