alkylation
Adding carbon chains
Alkylation is a chemical process that attaches an alkyl group—a fragment derived from a hydrocarbon—to another molecule.
In petroleum refining, alkylation combines light hydrocarbons to produce high-octane gasoline components.
In organic chemistry and pharmaceuticals, the process modifies molecules to alter their properties: DNA alkylation can cause mutations.
Exchange of one for another
- additionJoining quantities mathematically
- catalystAgent enabling change
- reagentSubstance prompting chemical change
- nucleophileElectron-pair donating species
electrophile · halide · mechanism · reactivity · esterification · amination · sulfonation · hydrocarbon
Hereditary code molecule
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
- carcinogenCancer-promoting agent
- adductMove toward body's center
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
mutagenesis · chemotherapy · nitrogen mustard · base pair · repair · methylation · lesion · cytotoxic
Petroleum hydrocarbon measure
- gasolineRefined petroleum vehicle fuel
- isobutaneBranched four-carbon alkane
- olefinUnsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- paraffinFlammable waxy petroleum derivative
isomerization · HF · sulfuric acid · refinery · fuel · blending · branching · butene
One-step nucleophilic replacement
- SN2Concerted nucleophilic displacement
- kineticsScience of motion forces
- stereochemistryStudy of molecular shape
- inversionReversal of position
substitution
Exchange of one for another
- additionJoining quantities mathematically
- catalystAgent enabling change
- reagentSubstance prompting chemical change
nucleophile · electrophile · halide · mechanism · reactivity · esterification · amination · sulfonation · hydrocarbon · organic
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
- carcinogenCancer-promoting agent
- adductMove toward body's center
guanine · mutagenesis · chemotherapy · nitrogen mustard · base pair · repair · methylation · lesion · cytotoxic · nucleotide
octane
Petroleum hydrocarbon measure
- gasolineRefined petroleum vehicle fuel
- isobutaneBranched four-carbon alkane
- olefinUnsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
paraffin · isomerization · HF · sulfuric acid · refinery · fuel · blending · branching · butene · propylene
SN1
One-step nucleophilic replacement
- SN2Concerted nucleophilic displacement
- kineticsScience of motion forces
- stereochemistryStudy of molecular shape
alkylationoxidation
Losing electrons chemically
hydrolysis · reduction · decarboxylation · desaturation · sulfonation
alkylationdegradation
Decline in condition
decomposition · fragmentation · catabolism · pyrolysis · bond cleavage