Ptolemy
Earth-centered universe proponent
Ptolemy names several Macedonian kings of ancient Egypt and, most famously, the Greco-Roman astronomer and mathematician Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century CE).
The astronomer's geocentric model—placing Earth at the center of the universe—dominated Western and Islamic astronomy for over a millennium.
Ptolemaic now describes any Earth-centered cosmology or, figuratively, outdated thinking that places oneself at the center of things.
Treating our planet as center
- epicyclesOrbits within orbits
- celestial spheresAncient cosmos's rotating layers
- star catalogIndex of celestial objects
- retrograde motionApparent reverse orbital path
zodiac · ecliptic · astrolabe · cosmology · planetary orbits · heavens · constellations · armillary sphere
Egyptian royal title
- AlexandriaEgyptian Mediterranean port
- EgyptNortheastern African nation
- CleopatraEgypt's last pharaoh
- HellenisticOf post-Alexander Greek civilization
Macedonian · dynasty · kingdom · Ptolemaic · Rosetta Stone · Berenice · Nile · succession
Flat Earth depiction
- projectionSomething that extends outward
- coordinatesLocation-specifying number pairs
- longitudeEast-west angular distance
- latitudeGeographic or personal freedom
Mediterranean · atlas · prime meridian · regional maps · place names · Thule · gazetteer · mapmaking
Science of spatial relationships
- trigonometryTriangle angle mathematics
- theoremDemonstrated logical conclusion
- proofDemonstration of truth
- EuclidFather of geometry
conic sections · angle · circle · calculation · harmonics · optics
geocentric
Treating our planet as center
- epicyclesOrbits within orbits
- celestial spheresAncient cosmos's rotating layers
- star catalogIndex of celestial objects
retrograde motion · zodiac · ecliptic · astrolabe · cosmology · planetary orbits · heavens · constellations · armillary sphere · deferent
Pharaoh
Egyptian royal title
- AlexandriaEgyptian Mediterranean port
- EgyptNortheastern African nation
- CleopatraEgypt's last pharaoh
Hellenistic · Macedonian · dynasty · kingdom · Ptolemaic · Rosetta Stone · Berenice · Nile · succession
world map
Flat Earth depiction
- projectionSomething that extends outward
- coordinatesLocation-specifying number pairs
- longitudeEast-west angular distance
latitude · Mediterranean · atlas · prime meridian · regional maps · place names · Thule · gazetteer · mapmaking · terrestrial globe
geometry
Science of spatial relationships
- trigonometryTriangle angle mathematics
- theoremDemonstrated logical conclusion
- proofDemonstration of truth
Euclid · conic sections · angle · circle · calculation · harmonics · optics
PtolemyCopernicus
Renaissance astronomer, heliocentrism
Galileo · heliocentric · Kepler · heliocentrism · Nicolaus Copernicus
PtolemyKepler
Planetary motion law formulator
empiricism · scientific revolution · Copernicus · Galileo Galilei · Newton
PtolemyCopernicus
Renaissance astronomer, heliocentrism
Galileo · scientific progress · Enlightenment · modernity · paradigm shift