Abbasids
Post-Umayyad Islamic dynasty
The Abbasids were the dynasty of caliphs who ruled the Islamic world from 750 to 1258 CE, overthrowing the Umayyads and moving the capital to Baghdad.
The Abbasid period is considered the golden age of Islamic civilization, marked by advances in science, literature, and the arts.
The Abbasids presided over the translation of Greek texts into Arabic.
Islamic successor-led government
- SunniIslam's largest branch adherent
- Shi'aIslamic sect following Ali
- imamMuslim religious guide
- shariaMuslim canonical jurisprudence
hadith · Quran · mosque · qadi · mufti · fatwa · Sufism · theology
Iraqi seat of government
- caliphIslamic head of state
- successionFollowing in order
- MamluksSlave soldiers turned sovereigns
- vizierMuslim government's chief minister
emir · sultan · court · throne · dynasty · heir · regent · legitimacy
Science of celestial objects
- mathematicsScience of quantity and structure
- algebraMath using symbols
- medicineCurative substance or practice
- philosophyStudy of fundamental truths
alchemy · optics · geography · manuscripts · libraries · patronage · polymaths · commentaries
Western Asian river
- palacesGrand royal residences
- gatesMovable barriers at openings
- wallsVertical enclosing structures
- librariesPublic book lending institutions
madrasas · bazaars · mosques · minarets · souks · canals · gardens · courtyards
Metrical literary composition
- literatureBody of written works
- musicOrganized auditory art
- calligraphyOrnamental handwriting art
- arabesqueFlowing ornamental design
ceramics · textiles · architecture · patronage · belles-lettres · storytelling · miniatures · metalwork
caliphate
Islamic successor-led government
sharia · hadith · Quran · mosque · qadi · mufti · fatwa · Sufism · theology · sectarianism
Baghdad
Iraqi seat of government
- caliphIslamic head of state
- successionFollowing in order
- MamluksSlave soldiers turned sovereigns
vizier · emir · sultan · court · throne · dynasty · heir · regent · legitimacy · sovereignty
astronomy
Science of celestial objects
- mathematicsScience of quantity and structure
- algebraMath using symbols
- medicineCurative substance or practice
philosophy · alchemy · optics · geography · manuscripts · libraries · patronage · polymaths · commentaries · observatories
Tigris
Western Asian river
libraries · madrasas · bazaars · mosques · minarets · souks · canals · gardens · courtyards · caravanserai
poetry
Metrical literary composition
- literatureBody of written works
- musicOrganized auditory art
- calligraphyOrnamental handwriting art
arabesque · ceramics · textiles · architecture · patronage · belles-lettres · storytelling · miniatures · metalwork
- DynastiesHabsburgs, Ming Dynasty, Bourbons, Tang Dynasty, Tudors
- Islamic EmpiresOttoman Empire, Umayyad Caliphate, Mughal Empire, Mughals, Fatimid Caliphate
- Medieval EgyptCairo, Mamluks, Saladin, Nile, citadel
- Islamic DynastiesOttoman, Mughals, Mughal, Seljuk, Mamluks
- IranIran, Tehran, Isfahan, Persia, Shiraz
- Medieval PeoplesFranks, Saxons, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals