geography
Land and places
Geography is the study of Earth's physical features, climates, and populations, along with how humans interact with their environments.
The discipline divides roughly into physical geography (landforms, weather patterns, ecosystems) and human geography (cultures, economies, urban development).
In everyday use, geography often refers simply to the physical layout of a place: The geography of the region makes farming difficult.
School geography typically involves maps, countries, and capitals.
Creating geographic representations
- mapsGeographic visual representations
- atlasBound collection of charts
- coordinatesLocation-specifying number pairs
- latitudeGeographic or personal freedom
longitude · projection · GIS · compass · scale · legend · contour · grid
Land's physical features
- landformsNatural geographic features
- mountainsTall elevated landmasses
- valleysLow areas between hills
- plateausElevated flat terrain
plains · hills · canyons · rivers · lakes · oceans · deserts · tundra
All inhabitants combined
- settlementResolved dispute or colony
- urbanizationPopulation shift toward cities
- migrationMovement to new territory
- demographicsStatistical population characteristics
land use · borders · regions · territories · nations · cities · rural · suburban
Scientific study of atmospheric patterns
- hydrologyScience of water distribution
- biogeographyScience of species distribution
- oceanographyScientific study of seas
- meteorologyStudy of atmospheric phenomena
ecology · soil science · glaciology · geomorphology · plate tectonics · environmental science · earth science · atmospheric science
Systematic study of peoples
- customsTraditional practices or import taxes
- traditionsLong-established customs passed down
- heritageInherited cultural legacy
- languagesSystems of human communication
religions · cuisine · festivals · folklore · architecture · diaspora · indigenous peoples · sacred sites
Humanity-focused school subject
- continentsEarth's largest landmasses
- countriesSovereign political territories
- capitalsUppercase letters or headquarters
- globesRound world representations
field trips · textbooks · quizzes · trivia
cartography
Creating geographic representations
- mapsGeographic visual representations
- atlasBound collection of charts
- coordinatesLocation-specifying number pairs
latitude · longitude · projection · GIS · compass · scale · legend · contour · grid · surveying
terrain
Land's physical features
plateaus · plains · hills · canyons · rivers · lakes · oceans · deserts · tundra · glaciers
population
All inhabitants combined
- settlementResolved dispute or colony
- urbanizationPopulation shift toward cities
- migrationMovement to new territory
demographics · land use · borders · regions · territories · nations · cities · rural · suburban · infrastructure
climatology
Scientific study of atmospheric patterns
- hydrologyScience of water distribution
- biogeographyScience of species distribution
- oceanographyScientific study of seas
meteorology · ecology · soil science · glaciology · geomorphology · plate tectonics · environmental science · earth science · atmospheric science · paleogeography
ethnography
Systematic study of peoples
- customsTraditional practices or import taxes
- traditionsLong-established customs passed down
- heritageInherited cultural legacy
languages · religions · cuisine · festivals · folklore · architecture · diaspora · indigenous peoples · sacred sites · pilgrimage
social studies
Humanity-focused school subject
- continentsEarth's largest landmasses
- countriesSovereign political territories
- capitalsUppercase letters or headquarters
globes · field trips · textbooks · quizzes · trivia
- common knowledgegeneral knowledge, trivia, common sense, proverbs, sayings
- geographycontinents, continent, oceans, countries, country
- kids booksworkbooks, activity books, primers, readers, young readers
- schoolteachers, classrooms, classes, student, grades
- trivia categoriestrivia, facts, history, science, literature
- school subjectsmath, English, science, history, reading
geographyhistory
Record of past events
chronology · genealogy · politics · historiography · archaeology
geographyhistory
Record of past events
time · temporality · chronology · timeline · periodization
- geographic featuresNatural physical land characteristics
- geographic mapsScaled depictions of terrain
- National GeographicNature and exploration periodical
- local geographyPhysical features of an area
- world geographyStudy of Earth's places
- US geographyPhysical features of America
geographical, geographic, geographer, geographers, geographies, geographically