ionizations
Charging atoms up
Ionizations is the plural of ionization, the process by which atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons to become electrically charged particles called ions.
This occurs naturally in phenomena like lightning strikes and cosmic radiation, and is deliberately induced in applications ranging from mass spectrometry to radiation therapy.
The ionizations caused by the X-ray beam allowed researchers to analyze the sample's composition.
Joining into unity
- tokamakPlasma confinement device
- coronaStar's outermost atmosphere
- auroraAtmospheric light display
- solarOf the star
stellar · interstellar · magnetosphere · thermonuclear · confinement · discharge · arc · glow
Electron ejection by light
- photoelectricLight-induced electrical activity
- X-rayPenetrating diagnostic beam
- gammaGreek alphabet's third
- ultravioletWavelengths shorter than violet
alpha · beta · Geiger · dosimetry · radiolysis · irradiation · photon · threshold
Negative subatomic particle
- protonPositive nuclear particle
- valenceCombining power measure
- orbitalRevolving around another
- nucleusCentral controlling part
neutron · isotope · element · shell · excitation · hydrogen · helium · lithium
Current-induced ionic separation
- acid-baseProton donor-acceptor chemistry
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- reductionMaking something smaller
- electrochemistryStudy of current-reaction interplay
solution · aqueous · electrolyte · pH · titration · buffer · hydrolysis · solvation
Breaking into smaller pieces
- detectorDevice that senses
- time-of-flightDuration of particle travel
- analyteSubstance being measured
- chromatographyTechnique separating mixtures by differential migration
peptide · protein · spectrum · peak · abundance · sensitivity · resolution
fusion
Joining into unity
solar · stellar · interstellar · magnetosphere · thermonuclear · confinement · discharge · arc · glow · fluorescent
photoionization
Electron ejection by light
- photoelectricLight-induced electrical activity
- X-rayPenetrating diagnostic beam
- gammaGreek alphabet's third
ultraviolet · alpha · beta · Geiger · dosimetry · radiolysis · irradiation · photon · threshold · cross-section
electron
Negative subatomic particle
nucleus · neutron · isotope · element · shell · excitation · hydrogen · helium · lithium · sodium
electrolysis
Current-induced ionic separation
- acid-baseProton donor-acceptor chemistry
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- reductionMaking something smaller
electrochemistry · solution · aqueous · electrolyte · pH · titration · buffer · hydrolysis · solvation · catalyst
fragmentation
Breaking into smaller pieces
- detectorDevice that senses
- time-of-flightDuration of particle travel
- analyteSubstance being measured
chromatography · peptide · protein · spectrum · peak · abundance · sensitivity · resolution
troposphere
Lowest atmospheric layer
- stratosphereSecond atmospheric layer up
- ozoneTriatomic oxygen allotrope
- aerosolMist in gas
raindrop · thunderstorm · lightning · altitude · density · layer · GPS · satellite · airglow
ionizationsbonding
Forming close connections
covalent bonding · associations · combinations · association · aggregation