hydrothermal vent

Deep ocean chimney

A hydrothermal vent is an opening in the ocean floor where superheated water, rich in dissolved minerals, erupts from beneath the Earth's crust.

These vents occur along mid-ocean ridges and support ecosystems that thrive without sunlight, relying instead on chemosynthesis.

Scientists discovered new species clustered around the hydrothermal vents.

The mineral-laden water creates dramatic structures called black smokers or white smokers, depending on their chemical composition.

chemistry

chemosynthesis

Energy from chemical reactions

precipitate · superheated · anoxic · pH · methane · iron · manganese · copper · zinc · mineral deposits

ecosystem

tubeworms

Sedentary marine annelids

octopus · bacteria · archaea · extremophiles · symbiosis · endemic species · biofilm · food web

geology

mid-ocean ridge

Submarine volcanic mountain range

tectonic · magma · volcanic · mantle · lithosphere · subduction · oceanic crust · plate boundary · seismic · fissure

exploration

Alvin

Small striped rodent

oceanography · discovery · NOAA · Jason · research vessel

structure

chimney

Vertical smoke passage

  • plumeOrnamental feather or rising column
  • spireTapering architectural peak
  • moundHeaped earth formation

edifice · flange · beehive

minerals

pyrite

Brass-yellow iron sulfide

chalcedony · hematite · magnetite · silica · copper ore · gold · silver

Categories
Opposites
thermal output

hydrothermal ventpolar ice cap

Frozen mass at poles

permafrost · cryovolcano · glacier

water movement direction

hydrothermal ventsubduction zone

Where one plate slides under another

oceanic trench · sinkhole · whirlpool

environment type

hydrothermal ventgeyser

Erupting thermal vent

fumarole · volcanic hot spring · volcanic crater · desert oasis · alpine meadow

Family

vent, thermal, hydro, hydropower, geothermal, hydroplane, hydrotherapy, hydrodynamics, therm

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