biosynthesizing
Making molecules naturally
Biosynthesizing is the process by which living organisms produce complex chemical compounds from simpler substances through metabolic pathways.
Cells biosynthesize proteins, hormones, and other molecules essential for life: The bacteria were biosynthesizing the enzyme at an accelerated rate.
The term appears in biochemistry and pharmacology, especially regarding how organisms manufacture compounds that might otherwise require industrial chemistry.
Amino acid polymers
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- nucleotidesDNA and RNA subunits
- polypeptidesBonded amino acid sequences
- DNAHereditary code molecule
RNA · nucleic acids · biopolymers · fatty acids · steroids · lipids · carbohydrates · alkaloids
Metabolic construction of molecules
- ATPCell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- lipogenesisMetabolic fat production process
- precursorsThings preceding others
intermediates · nitrogen fixation · photosynthesis · chemosynthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis enzyme
- ligaseBond-creating enzyme
- kinasePhosphate-transferring enzyme
- transferaseGroup-moving enzyme
- dehydrogenaseHydrogen-removing enzyme class
synthase · cofactors · coenzymes · active site · substrate · catalysis
Cellular translation machinery
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- translationConverting between languages
- gene expressionDNA to functional product
- organellesSpecialized cell subunits
endoplasmic reticulum · cytoplasm · messenger RNA · transfer RNA · protein folding · vesicles · secretion · chaperones
Deliberate DNA modification
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- recombinant DNALab-fused genetic sequences
- bioreactorsTanks for biological reactions
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
synthetic biology · gene cloning · cell culture · biopharmaceuticals · insulin production · monoclonal antibodies · biofuels
proteins
Amino acid polymers
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- nucleotidesDNA and RNA subunits
- polypeptidesBonded amino acid sequences
DNA · RNA · nucleic acids · biopolymers · fatty acids · steroids · lipids · carbohydrates · alkaloids · terpenes
anabolism
Metabolic construction of molecules
- ATPCell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- lipogenesisMetabolic fat production process
precursors · intermediates · nitrogen fixation · photosynthesis · chemosynthesis
polymerase
Nucleic acid synthesis enzyme
- ligaseBond-creating enzyme
- kinasePhosphate-transferring enzyme
- transferaseGroup-moving enzyme
dehydrogenase · synthase · cofactors · coenzymes · active site · substrate · catalysis
ribosomes
Cellular translation machinery
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- translationConverting between languages
- gene expressionDNA to functional product
organelles · endoplasmic reticulum · cytoplasm · messenger RNA · transfer RNA · protein folding · vesicles · secretion · chaperones
genetic engineering
Deliberate DNA modification
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- recombinant DNALab-fused genetic sequences
- bioreactorsTanks for biological reactions
fermentation · synthetic biology · gene cloning · cell culture · biopharmaceuticals · insulin production · monoclonal antibodies · biofuels
biosynthesizingbiodegrading
Breaking down naturally
decomposing · breaking down · hydrolyzing · digesting · degrading
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