transgenes
Implanted genetic material
Transgenes are genes that have been artificially transferred from one organism to another, typically through genetic engineering.
A transgene might come from a different species entirely—bacterial genes inserted into crops to confer pest resistance, or human genes introduced into bacteria to produce insulin.
Organisms carrying transgenes are called transgenic: transgenic mice, transgenic soybeans.
Gene-editing molecular machinery
- Cas9DNA-cutting enzyme
- insertionPlacing something within
- transformationThorough change in form
- knockoutIncapacitating final blow
mutagenesis · nuclease · vector · plasmid · promoter · construct · integration · microinjection
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
- heritabilityGenetic share of variation
expression · inheritance · dominant · recessive · heterozygous · homozygous · segregation · Mendelian
Lab-altered life form
- tobaccoDried smoking leaf
- maizeCob-bearing cereal crop
- soybeanProtein-rich Asian legume
- cottonPlant fiber for textiles
salmon · goats · cattle · Drosophila · zebrafish · founder · chimera
Protection from biological hazards
- containmentPreventing hostile expansion
- outcrossingBreeding unrelated same-species individuals
- EPAFederal environmental regulator
- USDAFederal agriculture bureau
FDA · labeling · coexistence · traceability · refuge · deregulation
Engineering applied to biology
- pharmaceuticalsManufactured therapeutic substances
- biopharmaceuticalsMedicines derived from living sources
- vaccinesPreparations conferring immunity
- insulinPancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
drought-tolerance · biosensors · xenotransplantation · pharming
CRISPR
Gene-editing molecular machinery
- Cas9DNA-cutting enzyme
- insertionPlacing something within
- transformationThorough change in form
knockout · mutagenesis · nuclease · vector · plasmid · promoter · construct · integration · microinjection · transfection
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
heritability · expression · inheritance · dominant · recessive · heterozygous · homozygous · segregation · Mendelian · locus
GMO
Lab-altered life form
cotton · salmon · goats · cattle · Drosophila · zebrafish · founder · chimera
biosafety
Protection from biological hazards
- containmentPreventing hostile expansion
- outcrossingBreeding unrelated same-species individuals
- EPAFederal environmental regulator
USDA · FDA · labeling · coexistence · traceability · refuge · deregulation
bioengineering
Engineering applied to biology
- pharmaceuticalsManufactured therapeutic substances
- biopharmaceuticalsMedicines derived from living sources
- vaccinesPreparations conferring immunity
insulin · drought-tolerance · biosensors · xenotransplantation · pharming
- Gene TherapyCRISPR, CAR-T therapy, antisense, plasmids, microinjection
- Synthetic Biologysynthetic biology, DNA synthesis, standardized parts, bioengineering, xenobiology
- nematodesnematode, nematodes, roundworm, roundworms, pinworm