caliphs
Muslim empire rulers
Caliphs is the plural of caliph, a title for the political and religious leader of the Muslim community after Muhammad's death.
The word comes from Arabic meaning "successor." Historical caliphs ruled vast Islamic empires from centers like Damascus and Baghdad.
The early caliphs expanded Muslim territory across the Middle East and North Africa.
Supreme independent authority
- dominionAuthority to rule
- legitimacyLawful or rightful status
- successionFollowing in order
- allegianceLoyalty owed to authority
throne · rule · decree · edict · mandate · governance · administration · realm
Iraqi seat of government
- DamascusSyrian seat of government
- CairoEgyptian capital city
- successionFollowing in order
- lineageDescent from progenitors
hereditary · founders · Umar · Ali · Harun al-Rashid
Islamic house of worship
- QuranIslam's central scripture
- MeccaIslam's most sacred city
- MedinaSacred Arabian burial site
- imamMuslim religious guide
hajj · sharia · fatwa · mufti · muezzin · minaret · Sunni · Shiite
Legendary period of perfection
- medievalOf the Middle Ages
- conquestsDefeated and claimed territories
- expansionIncrease in scope
- Silk RoadHistoric transcontinental trade network
manuscripts · scholars · House of Wisdom · translation · libraries · astronomy · algebra · medicine
sovereignty
Supreme independent authority
- dominionAuthority to rule
- legitimacyLawful or rightful status
- successionFollowing in order
allegiance · throne · rule · decree · edict · mandate · governance · administration · realm · empire
Baghdad
Iraqi seat of government
- DamascusSyrian seat of government
- CairoEgyptian capital city
- successionFollowing in order
lineage · hereditary · founders · Umar · Ali · Harun al-Rashid
mosque
Islamic house of worship
imam · hajj · sharia · fatwa · mufti · muezzin · minaret · Sunni · Shiite · successor
Golden Age
Legendary period of perfection
Silk Road · manuscripts · scholars · House of Wisdom · translation · libraries · astronomy · algebra · medicine · architecture
- royaltyking, queen, prince, princess, kings
- notablesleaders, celebrities, dignitary, rulers, VIPs
- Eastern talesArabian Nights, Scheherazade, One Thousand and One Nights, Sinbad, Aladdin
- Islamic FiguresProphet Muhammad, Umar, Ali, Khadijah, Fatimah
- Medieval EgyptCairo, Mamluks, Saladin, Nile, citadel
- Abbasid CaliphateBaghdad, Harun al-Rashid, House of Wisdom, vizier, viziers
caliphsemperors
Supreme rulers of realms
kings · dictators · autocrats · presidents · prime ministers
caliphspopes
Catholic Church leaders
pontiffs · patriarchs · archbishops · cardinals · high priests
- Umayyad CaliphateEarly Islamic dynastic empire
- Sokoto CaliphateFulani-led Islamic state, Nigeria
- Fatimid CaliphateShia dynasty ruling medieval Egypt
- Rashidun CaliphateFirst major Islamic successor state