biotechnologies
Gene-editing and cloning
Biotechnologies is the plural of biotechnology—techniques that use living organisms or biological systems to develop products and processes.
The plural emphasizes distinct applications or fields: Biotechnologies ranging from genetic engineering to fermentation have transformed medicine.
Agricultural biotechnologies modify crops; medical biotechnologies produce vaccines and treatments.
Targeted genome modification technology
- PCRDNA amplification technique
- cloningMaking identical copies
- bioinformaticsComputational analysis of genetic data
- epigeneticsHeritable expression changes, sequence intact
Microbial sugar conversion
- biomanufacturingProduction using biological systems
- bioreactorsTanks for biological reactions
- scale-upProportional increase in magnitude
- bioplasticsPlant-derived synthetic materials
Exclusive rights to inventions
- startupsNewly launched businesses
- licensingGranting official permission
- spin-offsDerived entities from originals
- incubatorsControlled-environment growth chambers
accelerators · IPO · mergers · acquisitions · GMP · commercialization · Genentech · Moderna
Living organisms detoxify pollutants
- biofiltrationPurification through living organisms
- biodegradationMicrobial breakdown of organics
- biofuelsFuel from living matter
- biogasFuel from anaerobic decomposition
Medicines derived from living sources
- biosimilarsNear-copies of biologic medicines
- immunotherapyDisease treatment via body's defenses
- pharmacogenomicsGene-based drug response study
- bioprintingDepositing living cells mechanically
CRISPR-Cas9
Targeted genome modification technology
- PCRDNA amplification technique
- cloningMaking identical copies
- bioinformaticsComputational analysis of genetic data
fermentation
Microbial sugar conversion
- biomanufacturingProduction using biological systems
- bioreactorsTanks for biological reactions
- scale-upProportional increase in magnitude
patents
Exclusive rights to inventions
- startupsNewly launched businesses
- licensingGranting official permission
- spin-offsDerived entities from originals
incubators · accelerators · IPO · mergers · acquisitions · GMP · commercialization · Genentech · Moderna
bioremediation
Living organisms detoxify pollutants
- biofiltrationPurification through living organisms
- biodegradationMicrobial breakdown of organics
- biofuelsFuel from living matter
biopharmaceuticals
Medicines derived from living sources
- biosimilarsNear-copies of biologic medicines
- immunotherapyDisease treatment via body's defenses
- pharmacogenomicsGene-based drug response study
bioprinting · xenotransplantation · biologics · nanomedicine
biopesticides
Pest control from organisms
- biofertilizersLiving organisms improving soil
biotechnologiesmechanical engineering
Design of machines and systems
metallurgy · electronics · chemical engineering · inorganic chemistry · heavy industry
biotechnologiesnatural processes
Unengineered occurrences in nature
traditional agriculture · organic farming · natural selection · nature · traditional medicine
biotechnologiestraditional methods
Long-established ways of doing
traditional farming · ancient practices · artisanal methods · primitive technologies · folk medicine