valence shell
Outer electron layer
The valence shell is the outermost shell of electrons surrounding an atom, determining how that atom bonds with others.
Electrons in this shell—valence electrons—are the ones available for sharing or transfer in chemical reactions.
An atom with a full valence shell is stable and unreactive; one with an incomplete shell seeks to gain, lose, or share electrons.
Electron probability distributions
- energy levelAmount of vitality available
- subshellOrbital subset within shell
- electron cloudProbable electron location zone
- atomic structureInternal composition of atoms
Electrostatic attraction between ions
- electronegativityAtomic electron attraction strength
- polarityState of opposing forces
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
- pi bondLateral electron density sharing
Systematic display of elements
- noble gasesNonreactive elemental group
- alkali metalsHighly reactive soft elements
- halogensHighly reactive nonmetal group
- transition metalsElements with incomplete d-orbitals
lanthanides · actinides · period · metalloids
orbitals
Electron probability distributions
- energy levelAmount of vitality available
- subshellOrbital subset within shell
- electron cloudProbable electron location zone
ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between ions
- electronegativityAtomic electron attraction strength
- polarityState of opposing forces
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
periodic table
Systematic display of elements
- noble gasesNonreactive elemental group
- alkali metalsHighly reactive soft elements
- halogensHighly reactive nonmetal group
transition metals · lanthanides · actinides · period · metalloids
chemical reactivity
Propensity to form bonds
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- reductionMaking something smaller
- stabilityResistance to displacement
inert · reactive · oxidation state · charge · anion · cation · redox · reactant · chemical change
- atomic physicsatom, atoms, atomic nucleus, electron, atomic number
- chemical bondingionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, double bonds, single bonds, triple bonds
- atomic models
- chemical bondsionic bond, ionic bonds, ionic, metallic, hydrogen bond
- quantum statesground state, excited state, mixed state, qubit, singlet