trisomy 21
Extra twenty-first chromosome
Trisomy 21 is the medical term for Down syndrome, a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
The additional chromosome affects development, typically causing intellectual disability and distinctive physical features.
Most cases occur spontaneously rather than through inheritance.
Prenatal screening can detect trisomy 21.
Organized chromosome display
- cytogeneticsChromosome structure and inheritance science
- mosaicismMixed genetic makeup
- translocationMovement to another place
- 21stOrdinal for twenty-one
extra · genotype · phenotype · mutation · cell division · meiosis · gamete · DNA
Before birth
- screeningEvaluative selection process
- amniocentesisPrenatal diagnostic fluid extraction
- noninvasiveNot penetrating tissue
- nuchal translucencyFetal neck-fold thickness assessment
ultrasound · blood test · genetic counseling · maternal age · risk assessment · false positive · confirmation · early detection
Medicine for minors
- cardiologyStudy of cardiac disorders
- therapyCurative mental treatment
- occupationalRelated to one's work
- speechOral communication ability
physical therapy · early intervention · healthcare · specialist · monitoring · treatment · surgery · life expectancy
Decreased muscle tone condition
- developmental delaySlower-than-typical milestone achievement
- intellectual disabilityImpaired reasoning and adaptive skills
- short statureBelow-average body height
- distinctive featuresIdentifying traits or qualities
State of perceiving reality
- inclusionBeing made part
- disability rightsProtections for impaired individuals
- acceptanceConsent to receive
- educationSystematic development of mind
mainstreaming · accessibility · empowerment · Special Olympics · self-advocacy · community · support groups · representation
karyotype
Organized chromosome display
- cytogeneticsChromosome structure and inheritance science
- mosaicismMixed genetic makeup
- translocationMovement to another place
21st · extra · genotype · phenotype · mutation · cell division · meiosis · gamete · DNA · hereditary
prenatal
Before birth
- screeningEvaluative selection process
- amniocentesisPrenatal diagnostic fluid extraction
- noninvasiveNot penetrating tissue
nuchal translucency · ultrasound · blood test · genetic counseling · maternal age · risk assessment · false positive · confirmation · early detection · biomarker
pediatrics
Medicine for minors
- cardiologyStudy of cardiac disorders
- therapyCurative mental treatment
- occupationalRelated to one's work
speech · physical therapy · early intervention · healthcare · specialist · monitoring · treatment · surgery · life expectancy · comorbidity
hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone condition
- developmental delaySlower-than-typical milestone achievement
- intellectual disabilityImpaired reasoning and adaptive skills
- short statureBelow-average body height
awareness
State of perceiving reality
- inclusionBeing made part
- disability rightsProtections for impaired individuals
- acceptanceConsent to receive
education · mainstreaming · accessibility · empowerment · Special Olympics · self-advocacy · community · support groups · representation · employment
- chromosome abnormalitiesdeletion, duplication, translocation, inversion, tetraploidy
- birth defectsbirth defect, birth defects, malformation, cleft lip, cleft palate
trisomy 21inherited disorder
Condition passed through genes
hereditary condition · Huntington's disease · cystic fibrosis · sickle cell disease
trisomy 21XY