diploidy
Two chromosome sets
Diploidy is the condition of having two complete sets of chromosomes—one inherited from each parent.
Most animals, including humans, are diploid in their body cells.
The term contrasts with haploidy (one set, as in sperm and egg cells) and polyploidy (more than two sets, common in plants).
Diploidy is restored when gametes fuse during fertilization.
First embryonic cell
- fertilizationGamete fusion creating zygote
- gametesReproductive cells for fusion
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- spermMale reproductive cell
egg · life-cycle · alternation · embryo · fusion · restoration
Having shared evolutionary origin
- karyotypeOrganized chromosome display
- autosomesNon-sex chromosome pairs
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
- chromatidReplicated chromosome copy
paired · bivalent · synapsis · tetrad · trisomy · spindle · condensation · metaphase
Variant forms of genes
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
- heterozygousHaving unlike gene variants
- homozygousHaving identical alleles
dominant · recessive · locus · gene · mutation · recombination · segregation · zygosity
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- somaticConcerning the body
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
- cytokinesisCytoplasmic division after mitosis
eukaryotic · germline · interphase · genome · nuclear · vegetative
Record of descent
- heritabilityGenetic share of variation
- offspringBiological descendants produced
- progenyOne's biological descendants
- filialOf sons or daughters
hybrid · crossbreed · traits · lineage · parental · F1 · monohybrid
Joined as two
- doubleTwice the amount
- biparentalInvolving two parents
- two-foldDoubled in nature
zygote
First embryonic cell
- fertilizationGamete fusion creating zygote
- gametesReproductive cells for fusion
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
sperm · egg · life-cycle · alternation · embryo · fusion · restoration
homologous
Having shared evolutionary origin
- karyotypeOrganized chromosome display
- autosomesNon-sex chromosome pairs
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
chromatid · paired · bivalent · synapsis · tetrad · trisomy · spindle · condensation · metaphase
alleles
Variant forms of genes
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
- heterozygousHaving unlike gene variants
homozygous · dominant · recessive · locus · gene · mutation · recombination · segregation · zygosity · polymorphism
mitosis
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- somaticConcerning the body
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
cytokinesis · eukaryotic · germline · interphase · genome · nuclear · vegetative
pedigree
Record of descent
- heritabilityGenetic share of variation
- offspringBiological descendants produced
- progenyOne's biological descendants
filial · hybrid · crossbreed · traits · lineage · parental · F1 · monohybrid
paired
Joined as two
- doubleTwice the amount
- biparentalInvolving two parents
- two-foldDoubled in nature