intellectual disability
Limited mental functioning
Intellectual disability is a condition marked by significant limitations in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, typically originating before adulthood.
It affects reasoning, learning, problem-solving, and everyday skills like communication and self-care.
The term has largely replaced older clinical labels like *mental retardation*, which became pejorative.
Severity ranges widely—some individuals live independently with minimal support, others require substantial assistance throughout life.
Relating to heredity
- chromosomalRelating to genetic structures
- Down syndromeThird chromosome 21 present
- fragile X syndromeGenetic cause of cognitive impairment
- fetal alcohol syndromePrenatal alcohol exposure disorder
tuberous sclerosis · birth complications · anoxia · infection · trauma · environmental · metabolic disorders · congenital
Being made part
- accessibilityEase of approach
- rightsJustified claims to freedoms
- self-advocacyPromoting one's own interests
- empowermentGaining authority or confidence
awareness · dignity · normalization · deinstitutionalization · equality · anti-discrimination · Special Olympics · Arc
Maintaining personal wellbeing
- communication skillsCapacity to exchange ideas
- social skillsAbility to interact well
- independenceFreedom from external control
- community participationLocals engaging in shared efforts
health and safety · self-direction · money management · time management · personal responsibility · decision-making · life skills · adaptive behavior
Adapted instruction for disabilities
- IEPPersonalized learning accommodation document
- accommodationsPlaces providing temporary residence
- assistive technologyDisability-compensating devices and software
- caregiverOne providing daily assistance
supported living · group home · day programs · respite care · case management · social services · job coaching · sheltered workshop
Concerning brain and nerve formation
- developmental delaySlower-than-typical milestone achievement
- milestonesNotable points of progress
- early interventionPrompt response to emerging problems
- pediatricsMedicine for minors
childhood · infancy · adolescence · brain development · speech delay · language delay · motor skills · psychomotor
Diminished function or capacity
- cognitionMental knowledge acquisition
- reasoningDrawing logical conclusions
- comprehensionMental understanding of meaning
- IQIntelligence score
processing · memory · attention · judgment · problem-solving · abstract thinking · cognitive deficit · executive function
Identification of illness
- psychological evaluationClinical mental health appraisal
- assessmentFormal evaluation of worth
- DSMPsychiatric classification manual
- ICDDisease classification system
standardized testing · mild · moderate · severe · profound · differential diagnosis · comorbidity · etiology
genetic
Relating to heredity
- chromosomalRelating to genetic structures
- Down syndromeThird chromosome 21 present
- fragile X syndromeGenetic cause of cognitive impairment
fetal alcohol syndrome · tuberous sclerosis · birth complications · anoxia · infection · trauma · environmental · metabolic disorders · congenital
inclusion
Being made part
- accessibilityEase of approach
- rightsJustified claims to freedoms
- self-advocacyPromoting one's own interests
empowerment · awareness · dignity · normalization · deinstitutionalization · equality · anti-discrimination · Special Olympics · Arc · self-determination
self-care
Maintaining personal wellbeing
- communication skillsCapacity to exchange ideas
- social skillsAbility to interact well
- independenceFreedom from external control
community participation · health and safety · self-direction · money management · time management · personal responsibility · decision-making · life skills · adaptive behavior · vocational skills
special education
Adapted instruction for disabilities
- IEPPersonalized learning accommodation document
- accommodationsPlaces providing temporary residence
- assistive technologyDisability-compensating devices and software
caregiver · supported living · group home · day programs · respite care · case management · social services · job coaching · sheltered workshop · therapy
neurodevelopmental
Concerning brain and nerve formation
- developmental delaySlower-than-typical milestone achievement
- milestonesNotable points of progress
- early interventionPrompt response to emerging problems
pediatrics · childhood · infancy · adolescence · brain development · speech delay · language delay · motor skills · psychomotor · socialization
impairment
Diminished function or capacity
- cognitionMental knowledge acquisition
- reasoningDrawing logical conclusions
- comprehensionMental understanding of meaning
IQ · processing · memory · attention · judgment · problem-solving · abstract thinking · cognitive deficit · executive function · information processing
diagnosis
Identification of illness
- psychological evaluationClinical mental health appraisal
- assessmentFormal evaluation of worth
- DSMPsychiatric classification manual
ICD · standardized testing · mild · moderate · severe · profound · differential diagnosis · comorbidity · etiology · genetic testing
- child psychologychild therapy, play therapy, pediatric therapy, developmental milestones, developmental delays
- Disabilitiesblind, paralysis, vision loss, hearing impairment, amputees
- disability servicesassistive technology, inclusive education, special needs, rehabilitation services, personal assistance
- disordersADHD, disorder, anxiety, dysfunction, autism
- Mental Disordersschizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, PTSD
- Neurodisabilitiescerebral palsy, autism, epilepsy, ASD, ADHD
intellectual disabilitygenius
Person of rare brilliance
giftedness · superior intellect · brilliance · cognitive ability · mental acuity
ability, intelligent, intelligence, intellectual, disability, intellect, intellectuals, intelligentsia, intellectualism