spall
Concrete's flaking debris
Spall refers to fragments of rock, ore, or concrete that break or chip off a larger mass.
As a verb, to spall is to break apart in this way, either naturally or through deliberate action: The concrete was spalling from the bridge supports.
Freeze-thaw cycles cause stone to spall.
In mining and masonry, workers spall rock to shape it or reduce its size.
Narrow break or attempt
- fractureSplit in hard material
- ruptureViolent tearing apart
- fissureNarrow crack in rock
- cleftNarrow vertical split
chip · flaw · defect · deterioration · weakening · decay · corrosion · impairment
Small broken-off piece
- flakeThin detached fragment
- shardBroken fragment of something brittle
- sliverThin split-off piece
- pieceA portion or segment
particle · shred · crumb · speck · scrap · bit · morsel · granule
Gradual wearing away
- abrasionShallow surface wound
- corrosionChemical wearing away
- freeze-thawIce forming and melting repeatedly
- frost damageHarm from ice formation
exfoliation · denudation · deterioration · disintegration · wear · scouring · pitting · scaling
Edged carving implement
- hammerTool for striking nails
- carvingShaping by cutting away
- quarryPit for extracting rock
- marbleRecrystallized limestone rock
granite · limestone · sculptor · sculpting · monument · masonry · dressing · finishing
Uncharged nuclear particle
- protonPositive nuclear particle
- nucleonProton or neutron
- bombardmentSustained projectile assault
- targetObject of pursuit
particle · cosmic ray · accelerator · fragmentation · nuclear · fission · isotope · radiation
crack
Narrow break or attempt
cleft · chip · flaw · defect · deterioration · weakening · decay · corrosion · impairment · disintegration
chip
Small broken-off piece
piece · particle · shred · crumb · speck · scrap · bit · morsel · granule · smithereens
erosion
Gradual wearing away
- abrasionShallow surface wound
- corrosionChemical wearing away
- freeze-thawIce forming and melting repeatedly
frost damage · exfoliation · denudation · deterioration · disintegration · wear · scouring · pitting · scaling · oxidation
chisel
Edged carving implement
marble · granite · limestone · sculptor · sculpting · monument · masonry · dressing · finishing · shaping
neutron
Uncharged nuclear particle
- protonPositive nuclear particle
- nucleonProton or neutron
- bombardmentSustained projectile assault
target · particle · cosmic ray · accelerator · fragmentation · nuclear · fission · isotope · radiation · high-energy
stone
Solid earth fragment
facade · cladding · parapet · lintel · veneer · aggregate · reinforcement · rebar · patching · restoration
chips
Thin fried slices
- shardsBroken fragments of brittle material
- splintersThin sharp broken fragments
- flakesThin, flat pieces
scraps · rubble · detritus · remnants · residue · leavings · refuse · scree · tailings · stone chips