igneous
Formed by fire
Igneous describes rocks formed from cooled molten material—magma underground or lava on the surface.
Granite and basalt are igneous rocks.
The term extends to processes involving intense heat or fire: igneous activity beneath the volcano.
The word shares a root with ignite.
Violent sudden release
- lavaErupted liquid stone
- volcanoEarth's fiery vent
- pyroclasticHot eruption debris
- calderaCollapsed volcanic summit basin
magma · ash · pumice · obsidian · scoria · tuff · andesite · rhyolite
Invading others' privacy
- graniteIgneous rock, quartz-rich
- batholithLarge underground igneous mass
- dioriteFeldspar-hornblende igneous rock
- gabbroDark intrusive igneous rock
pluton · magma chamber · crystallization · dike · sill · stock
Molten rock underground
- meltChange from solid
- moltenLiquefied by extreme heat
- heatTransferred thermal energy
- mantleCovering or wrap
temperature · viscosity · cooling · solidification · partial melting · hotspot · asthenosphere · upwelling
Silicate mineral group
- quartzCrystalline silicon dioxide
- olivineGreen igneous rock mineral
- pyroxeneRock-forming silicate group
- amphiboleDark inosilicate mineral group
mica · hornblende · biotite · muscovite · magnetite · apatite · zircon · silicate
Study of Earth's composition
- mineralogyScience of inorganic solids
- textureSurface tactile quality
- formationCreation or arrangement
- classificationSystematic grouping by traits
thin section · vesicular · glassy · intermediate · extrusive · rock cycle · geochemistry · magmatic
eruption
Violent sudden release
- lavaErupted liquid stone
- volcanoEarth's fiery vent
- pyroclasticHot eruption debris
caldera · magma · ash · pumice · obsidian · scoria · tuff · andesite · rhyolite · vent
intrusive
Invading others' privacy
- graniteIgneous rock, quartz-rich
- batholithLarge underground igneous mass
- dioriteFeldspar-hornblende igneous rock
gabbro · pluton · magma chamber · crystallization · dike · sill · stock
magma
Molten rock underground
mantle · temperature · viscosity · cooling · solidification · partial melting · hotspot · asthenosphere · upwelling · thermal
feldspar
Silicate mineral group
- quartzCrystalline silicon dioxide
- olivineGreen igneous rock mineral
- pyroxeneRock-forming silicate group
amphibole · mica · hornblende · biotite · muscovite · magnetite · apatite · zircon · silicate · crystalline
geology
Study of Earth's composition
- mineralogyScience of inorganic solids
- textureSurface tactile quality
- formationCreation or arrangement
classification · thin section · vesicular · glassy · intermediate · extrusive · rock cycle · geochemistry · magmatic
- geologybedrock, fault lines, faults, rock, basalt
- volcano wordsactive, dormant, extinct, molten, eruptive
- geologicalmetamorphic, sedimentary, volcanic, tectonic, seismic
- rock featurescliff, cliff face, rock face, crag, overhang
- rock texturescoarse-grained, fine-grained, grainy, gritty, massive
- mineralsquartz, marble, granite, limestone, sandstone
igneoussedimentary
Formed from deposited material
metamorphic · clastic · biogenic · detrital · stratified
- igneous rockCrystallized molten material
- igneous rock formationsStructures from cooled magma