civil law
Lawsuits between individuals
Civil law is a legal system derived from Roman law, used in most of continental Europe, Latin America, and elsewhere—distinguished from common law systems like those in Britain and the United States, where judicial precedent plays a larger role.
Separately, civil law refers to the branch of law dealing with private disputes between individuals or organizations, as opposed to criminal law: She practiced civil law, handling contracts and property disputes.
Failure to exercise care
- liabilityLegal or financial obligation
- damagesCompensation for injury
- defamationFalse statements harming reputation
- personal injuryHarm to a person's body
nuisance · trespass · fault · delict · wrongful act · duty of care · compensation · harm
Civil case initiator
- defendantParty facing charges
- tribunalJudicial decision-making body
- judgmentReasoned decision-making capacity
- appealFormal review request
petition · summons · pleading · discovery · evidence · verdict · enforcement · proceeding
Written property conveyance
- titleFormal honorific or name
- estateProperty and grounds
- ownershipLegal right of possession
- conveyanceTransfer of property rights
mortgage · lien · easement · servitude · usufruct · possession · transfer · encumbrance
French civil law system
- statutesFormally enacted laws
- articlesWritten works or items
- provisionsStockpiled food and supplies
- digestMetabolize or summarize
Justinian · compilation · codification · systematic · comprehensive · framework · Corpus Juris Civilis · inquisitorial
Enacted written rule
- enactmentPassing into law
- legislatureLawmaking governmental branch
- parliamentNational legislative assembly
- ordinanceOfficial government regulation
regulation · decree · directive · amendment · provision · promulgation · gazette · repeal
Shared position between parties
- breachBreaking of agreement
- partiesOrganized social gatherings
- offerProposal to provide
- acceptanceConsent to receive
consideration · terms · conditions · performance · damages · enforceable · capacity · voidable
negligence
Failure to exercise care
- liabilityLegal or financial obligation
- damagesCompensation for injury
- defamationFalse statements harming reputation
personal injury · nuisance · trespass · fault · delict · wrongful act · duty of care · compensation · harm · causation
plaintiff
Civil case initiator
- defendantParty facing charges
- tribunalJudicial decision-making body
- judgmentReasoned decision-making capacity
appeal · petition · summons · pleading · discovery · evidence · verdict · enforcement · proceeding · claimant
deed
Written property conveyance
conveyance · mortgage · lien · easement · servitude · usufruct · possession · transfer · encumbrance · registration
Napoleonic Code
French civil law system
- statutesFormally enacted laws
- articlesWritten works or items
- provisionsStockpiled food and supplies
Justinian · digest · compilation · codification · systematic · comprehensive · framework · Corpus Juris Civilis · inquisitorial
statute
Enacted written rule
- enactmentPassing into law
- legislatureLawmaking governmental branch
- parliamentNational legislative assembly
ordinance · regulation · decree · directive · amendment · provision · promulgation · gazette · repeal · legal reform
agreement
Shared position between parties
acceptance · consideration · terms · conditions · performance · damages · enforceable · capacity · voidable · ratification
- legal analysisprecedent, statute, legal research, legal memo, legal opinion
- lawlawyer, lawyers, attorney, attorneys, court
- legal systemattorney, landmark cases, criminal cases, lawyers, legal precedents
- rulesrule, guideline, bylaw, standard, norm
- legal fieldscriminal procedure, criminal code, penal code, legal theory, legal doctrine
- legal systemsjudiciary, criminal code, court system, penal code, laws
civil lawcriminal law
Statutes defining punishable offenses
criminal prosecution · penal law · criminal justice · public law · criminal code
civil lawreligious law
Faith-based governance system
canon law · divine law · Halakha · natural law · moral law
law, civil, civic, civilian, civilized, uncivil, civility, civics, civilize