Martin Luther
Ninety-five theses author
Martin Luther was a German theologian and monk whose challenge to Catholic Church practices in 1517 sparked the Protestant Reformation.
His Ninety-Five Theses attacked the sale of indulgences, and his subsequent writings established core Protestant doctrines: salvation by faith alone, scripture as the sole religious authority, and the priesthood of all believers.
Lutheran denominations trace their origins to his teachings. (Not to be confused with Martin Luther King Jr., the American civil rights leader named after him.)
Reformation's starting point
- indulgencesExcessive self-granted pleasures
- disputationFormal argumentative exchange
- thesesFormal scholarly arguments
- excommunicationFormal barring from sacraments
papacy · purgatory · penance · heresy · All Saints · posting · Latin · pamphlet
Religious movement splitting Christianity
- ProtestantismReformation-era Christian movement
- denominationalRelating to religious sects
- choraleHymn tune or choir
- Augsburg ConfessionLutheran doctrinal declaration, 1530
Reason proving rightness
- graceEffortless beauty of motion
- salvationDeliverance from harm
- scriptureSacred religious writings
- gospelSacred choral tradition
righteousness · faith alone · predestination · sacrament · catechism · doctrine · exegesis · sermon
Religious movement splitting Christianity
- ProtestantPost-schism Western Christian
- schismFormal organizational fracture
- Diet of WormsImperial council in Germany
- reformImprove by correcting faults
papal authority · clergy · excommunicate · heretic · recant · condemnation
Formal union between partners
- AugustinianOf a fourth-century theologian
- monkCloistered religious devotee
- friarMendicant order member
- priestOne who performs sacraments
family · children · table talk · beer · depression
Bigotry toward Jewish people
- peasantsLow-ranking agricultural workers
- polemicsArt of controversial argument
- radicalRoot-indicating symbol
- intoleranceUnwillingness to accept differences
pamphleteer · vitriolic · disputatious · free will · Münster · Anabaptists · iconoclasm
Everyday regional speech
- New TestamentSecond biblical division
- Old TestamentPre-Christian biblical canon
- printing pressMechanical text reproduction device
- GutenbergPrinting press inventor's name
literacy · common people · language · High German · Erasmus · Greek text · Hebrew · accessible
Wittenberg
Reformation's starting point
- indulgencesExcessive self-granted pleasures
- disputationFormal argumentative exchange
- thesesFormal scholarly arguments
excommunication · papacy · purgatory · penance · heresy · All Saints · posting · Latin · pamphlet · debate
Protestant Reformation
Religious movement splitting Christianity
- ProtestantismReformation-era Christian movement
- denominationalRelating to religious sects
- choraleHymn tune or choir
Augsburg Confession · Protestant ethic · religious freedom · church history
justification
Reason proving rightness
gospel · righteousness · faith alone · predestination · sacrament · catechism · doctrine · exegesis · sermon · dogma
Reformation
Religious movement splitting Christianity
- ProtestantPost-schism Western Christian
- schismFormal organizational fracture
- Diet of WormsImperial council in Germany
reform · papal authority · clergy · excommunicate · heretic · recant · condemnation
marriage
Formal union between partners
- AugustinianOf a fourth-century theologian
- monkCloistered religious devotee
- friarMendicant order member
priest · family · children · table talk · beer · depression
antisemitism
Bigotry toward Jewish people
- peasantsLow-ranking agricultural workers
- polemicsArt of controversial argument
- radicalRoot-indicating symbol
intolerance · pamphleteer · vitriolic · disputatious · free will · Münster · Anabaptists · iconoclasm
vernacular
Everyday regional speech
- New TestamentSecond biblical division
- Old TestamentPre-Christian biblical canon
- printing pressMechanical text reproduction device
Gutenberg · literacy · common people · language · High German · Erasmus · Greek text · Hebrew · accessible · popularizer
- German cultureOktoberfest, Bavaria, Bavarian, Berlin, Munich
- Famous Martins
- German FiguresOtto von Bismarck, Bach, Beethoven, Albert Einstein, Goethe
- church historychurch history, apostles, Protestant Reformation, Christian history, baptism
- German HistoryNazi, Prussia, Saxony, Reichstag, Napoleonic Wars
- ReformationJohn Calvin, 95 Theses, Protestant Reformation, Wittenberg, Protestantism
Martin LutherCouncil of Trent
Catholic ecclesiastical congress addressing reformation
Counter-Reformation · Thomas Aquinas · Catholic tradition · scholasticism · Erasmus