CYP450
Drug metabolism system
CYP450 is shorthand for cytochrome P450, a large family of enzymes found primarily in the liver that metabolize drugs, toxins, and other foreign substances in the body.
These enzymes are crucial in pharmacology because they determine how quickly medications are broken down, affecting dosing and drug interactions.
When doctors warn that grapefruit interferes with certain medications, CYP450 enzymes are usually the culprit.
The patient's CYP450 profile suggested she would metabolize the drug slowly.
Body's chemical processing of medications
- biotransformationMetabolic chemical conversion
- clearancePermitted passage or approval
- hepaticRelating to liver
- eliminationAct of removing entirely
pharmacokinetics · substrate · detoxification · bioavailability · half-life · metabolite · oxidation · conjugation
Hepatic drug-processing enzyme
- CYP2D6Drug-metabolizing liver enzyme
- superfamilyClassification above family
- hemeIron-porphyrin complex in blood
- oxidaseOxygen-dependent catalytic protein
endoplasmic reticulum · hepatocyte · cytochrome · iron · catalytic · active site
Agent that slows reactions
- inducerSomething that triggers
- grapefruitTangy citrus, often halved
- ketoconazoleAntifungal pharmaceutical agent
- St. John's wortMedicinal yellow-flowered herb
phenytoin · fluoxetine · erythromycin · contraindication · polypharmacy · adverse effect · toxicity
Clot-preventing medication
- omeprazoleGastric acid reducer
- codeineOpium-derived painkiller
- tamoxifenAnti-estrogen cancer medication
- diazepamAnti-anxiety benzodiazepine
caffeine · theophylline · cyclosporine · testosterone · estrogen · acetaminophen · ibuprofen · metoprolol
Many forms, one interface
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
- ultrarapidExtremely high velocity
- alleleGene variant at one locus
pharmacogenomics · personalized medicine · wild-type · codeine · tamoxifen · ancestry · genetic testing
drug metabolism
Body's chemical processing of medications
- biotransformationMetabolic chemical conversion
- clearancePermitted passage or approval
- hepaticRelating to liver
elimination · pharmacokinetics · substrate · detoxification · bioavailability · half-life · metabolite · oxidation · conjugation · excretion
CYP3A4
Hepatic drug-processing enzyme
- CYP2D6Drug-metabolizing liver enzyme
- superfamilyClassification above family
- hemeIron-porphyrin complex in blood
oxidase · endoplasmic reticulum · hepatocyte · cytochrome · iron · catalytic · active site
inhibitor
Agent that slows reactions
- inducerSomething that triggers
- grapefruitTangy citrus, often halved
- ketoconazoleAntifungal pharmaceutical agent
St. John's wort · phenytoin · fluoxetine · erythromycin · contraindication · polypharmacy · adverse effect · toxicity
warfarin
Clot-preventing medication
- omeprazoleGastric acid reducer
- codeineOpium-derived painkiller
- tamoxifenAnti-estrogen cancer medication
diazepam · caffeine · theophylline · cyclosporine · testosterone · estrogen · acetaminophen · ibuprofen · metoprolol · amitriptyline
polymorphism
Many forms, one interface
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
- ultrarapidExtremely high velocity
allele · pharmacogenomics · personalized medicine · wild-type · codeine · tamoxifen · ancestry · genetic testing
- pharmacologypharmacology, drugs, pharmacokinetics, dose, drug
- Drug Metabolismbiotransformation, drug metabolism, metabolite, metabolites, conjugation
- Metabolic EnzymesCYP3A4, CYP2D6, GST, N-acetyltransferase, NAT
- Oxidoreductasesoxidase, peroxidase, catalase, CYP2D6, CYP3A4
- enzymeslipase, amylase, protease, kinase, enzyme
- liver testsliver function test, ALT, liver panel, albumin, liver enzymes