troposphere
Lowest atmospheric layer
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface to roughly 7–12 miles up depending on latitude and season.
It contains most of the atmosphere's mass and nearly all its weather—clouds, rain, wind, and storms occur here.
Temperature generally decreases with altitude in the troposphere, unlike the stratosphere above it.
Airborne water masses
- cumulusDense, billowing cloud type
- stratusLow, flat cloud layer
- cirrusHigh wispy ice formation
- precipitationAtmospheric water deposit
thunderstorm · rainfall · snowfall · fog · mist · wind · convection · fronts
Element seven, colorless gas
- oxygenElement eight, colorless gas
- water vaporH₂O in gaseous state
- carbon dioxideRespiration byproduct, photosynthesis fuel
- argonUnreactive element eighteen
ozone · aerosols · humidity · air density · atmospheric pressure · moisture content · particulates · air mass
Atmospheric heat retention mechanism
- global warmingRising planetary temperatures
- heat absorptionCapturing warmth from environment
- radiationEnergy propagation through space
- albedoSurface reflection coefficient
carbon cycle · climate change · temperature · solar radiation · infrared radiation · heat transfer · convection currents · energy balance
Aviation altitude reference
- airspaceRegulated overhead flight zone
- altitudeMeasured height above reference
- turbulenceChaotic flow patterns
- air trafficAircraft in flight
aircraft · jetstream · flight path · cruising altitude · takeoff · landing · pilot · navigation
Sunlight-activated urban pollution
- emissionsSubstances released into air
- particulatesMinute airborne solids or droplets
- ozone depletionProtective atmospheric layer destruction
- carbon monoxideToxic combustion byproduct gas
sulfur dioxide · nitrogen oxides · air quality · exhaust · fossil fuels · industrial emissions · acid rain · pollutants
clouds
Airborne water masses
precipitation · thunderstorm · rainfall · snowfall · fog · mist · wind · convection · fronts · cyclone
nitrogen
Element seven, colorless gas
- oxygenElement eight, colorless gas
- water vaporH₂O in gaseous state
- carbon dioxideRespiration byproduct, photosynthesis fuel
argon · ozone · aerosols · humidity · air density · atmospheric pressure · moisture content · particulates · air mass
greenhouse effect
Atmospheric heat retention mechanism
- global warmingRising planetary temperatures
- heat absorptionCapturing warmth from environment
- radiationEnergy propagation through space
albedo · carbon cycle · climate change · temperature · solar radiation · infrared radiation · heat transfer · convection currents · energy balance
flight level
Aviation altitude reference
- airspaceRegulated overhead flight zone
- altitudeMeasured height above reference
- turbulenceChaotic flow patterns
air traffic · aircraft · jetstream · flight path · cruising altitude · takeoff · landing · pilot · navigation · air density
boundary layer
Viscous region near walls
- marine layerLow ocean-born cloud cover
smog
Sunlight-activated urban pollution
- emissionsSubstances released into air
- particulatesMinute airborne solids or droplets
- ozone depletionProtective atmospheric layer destruction
carbon monoxide · sulfur dioxide · nitrogen oxides · air quality · exhaust · fossil fuels · industrial emissions · acid rain · pollutants · vehicle emissions
- atmosphereair, humidity, temperature, oxygen, ozone layer
- Climate Changeglobal warming, greenhouse gases, climate change, carbon dioxide, CO2
- earth scienceearthquake, geology, volcano, crust, eruption
- meteorologyweather, rain, wind, snow, clouds
- High Altitudealtitude sickness, thin air, hypoxia, oxygen deprivation, acclimatization
- layered thingslasagna, cake, onion, layer cake, plywood
troposphereexosphere
Atmosphere's outermost region
thermosphere · stratosphere · outer space · deep space · mesosphere
troposphereouter space
Vacuum beyond Earth's atmosphere
the void · heavens · cosmos · interplanetary space · the beyond
troposphereouter space
Vacuum beyond Earth's atmosphere
deep space · lithosphere · subterranean · underground · mantle