state of matter
Solid, liquid, gas
A state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes depending on temperature and pressure—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma being the classical four.
Water exists in three familiar states: ice, liquid water, and steam.
Physics recognizes additional exotic states at extreme conditions.
What state of matter is fire?
Matter switching physical states
- meltingSolid-to-liquid transition
- freezingExtremely cold
- boilingLiquid vaporization temperature
- evaporationLiquid turning to gas
condensation · sublimation · deposition · ionization · triple point · critical point · latent heat · enthalpy
Gaseous form of liquid
- atmosphereGaseous layer around planets
- diffusionPassive molecular spreading
- pressureForce upon contact
- volumeAmount of space filled
compressibility · expansion · oxygen · nitrogen · hydrogen · helium · carbon dioxide · methane
Ordered-atom solid
- iceWater's solid form
- rockSolid earthen material
- metalHard conductive solid
- hardnessResistance to penetration
density · rigidity · stability · concrete · wood · ceramics · glass · frozen
Clear essential liquid
- oilSlippery viscous fluid
- mercuryLiquid metallic element
- viscosityFluid's flow resistance
- fluidityState of flowing freely
flow · surface tension · aqueous · solvent · droplet · meniscus · capillary action · miscibility
phase change
Matter switching physical states
evaporation · condensation · sublimation · deposition · ionization · triple point · critical point · latent heat · enthalpy · entropy
vapor
Gaseous form of liquid
- atmosphereGaseous layer around planets
- diffusionPassive molecular spreading
- pressureForce upon contact
volume · compressibility · expansion · oxygen · nitrogen · hydrogen · helium · carbon dioxide · methane · ammonia
crystal
Ordered-atom solid
hardness · density · rigidity · stability · concrete · wood · ceramics · glass · frozen · compact
water
Clear essential liquid
fluidity · flow · surface tension · aqueous · solvent · droplet · meniscus · capillary action · miscibility · pour
ionized
Converted to charged particles
lightning · sun · stars · stellar · fluorescent · tokamak · electrons · ions · electromagnetic · thermonuclear
- element propertiesatomic number, atomic mass, atomic weight, symbol, electronegativity
state of matterchemical composition
Elements forming a substance
molecular structure · atomic structure · chemical formula · molecular formula
state of matterchemical property
Characteristic observed during reactions
state, matter, statement, stated, matters, states, stately, restate, overstate