chemical property
Substance's transformation tendency
A chemical property describes how a substance behaves when it undergoes chemical change—its tendency to react, combine, or decompose.
Flammability is a chemical property: wood burns, gold doesn't.
Reactivity with acids, oxidation potential, and toxicity are chemical properties.
Unlike physical properties such as color or melting point, chemical properties can only be observed when the substance transforms into something else.
Below neutral pH
- basicFundamental in nature
- pHMeasure of solution acidity
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- reductionMaking something smaller
redox · catalysis · ionization · electronegativity · valence · corrosive · inert · stability
Starting combustion process
- combustionExothermic reaction with oxygen
- flashpointIgnition temperature threshold
- flammableProne to ignition
- inflammableAble to catch fire
burn · oxidation · fuel · fire · spark · heat · oxygen · smolder
Equilibrium gas-phase partial force
- boiling pointVaporization threshold
- evaporationLiquid turning to gas
- vaporizationConversion to gas
- sublimationSolid to gas directly
condensation · volatile · distillation · volatilization · diffusion · effusion · partial pressure · flash point
Fraction reaching active circulation
- half-lifePeriod for fifty-percent reduction
- potencyDegree of strength
- efficacyAbility to produce results
- absorptionProcess of taking in
distribution · metabolism · excretion · pharmacokinetics · solubility · dosage · agonist · antagonist
Capable of causing death
- lethalCausing or capable of death
- hazardousLikely to cause injury
- carcinogenicCauses cancer
- mutagenicCausing permanent DNA changes
cytotoxic · neurotoxic · hepatotoxic · nephrotoxic · LD50 · dose-response · bioaccumulation · teratogenic
acidic
Below neutral pH
reduction · redox · catalysis · ionization · electronegativity · valence · corrosive · inert · stability · decomposition
ignition
Starting combustion process
- combustionExothermic reaction with oxygen
- flashpointIgnition temperature threshold
- flammableProne to ignition
inflammable · burn · oxidation · fuel · fire · spark · heat · oxygen · smolder · char
vapor pressure
Equilibrium gas-phase partial force
- boiling pointVaporization threshold
- evaporationLiquid turning to gas
- vaporizationConversion to gas
sublimation · condensation · volatile · distillation · volatilization · diffusion · effusion · partial pressure · flash point · aerosolization
bioavailability
Fraction reaching active circulation
- half-lifePeriod for fifty-percent reduction
- potencyDegree of strength
- efficacyAbility to produce results
absorption · distribution · metabolism · excretion · pharmacokinetics · solubility · dosage · agonist · antagonist · clearance
poisonous
Capable of causing death
- lethalCausing or capable of death
- hazardousLikely to cause injury
- carcinogenicCauses cancer
mutagenic · cytotoxic · neurotoxic · hepatotoxic · nephrotoxic · LD50 · dose-response · bioaccumulation · teratogenic · corrosive
chemical propertyphysical property
Measurable trait of matter
mass · density · color · melting point · boiling point
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