prokaryote
Cell without nucleus
A prokaryote is a single-celled organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures.
Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes.
The term contrasts with eukaryote, which includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists—organisms whose cells contain a distinct nucleus.
Prokaryotes were the first life forms on Earth.
Gel surrounding the nucleus
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- nucleoidProkaryotic chromosome region
- plasmidSelf-replicating DNA circle
- cell wallRigid cellular outer layer
plasma membrane · flagellum · capsule · endospore · biofilm · binary fission · chemotaxis · conjugation
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomeDNA strand carrying genes
- nucleoidProkaryotic chromosome region
- plasmidSelf-replicating DNA circle
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
transcription · translation · ribosome · gene · RNA · polymerase · operon · promoter
Nucleus-free single-celled organisms
- endosymbiosisOrganism living within another
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- cladisticsClassification by common descent
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
common ancestor · domain · kingdom · 16S rRNA
Nucleus-free single-celled organisms
- extremophileLife in harsh conditions
- thermophileHeat-adapted living thing
- cyanobacteriaPhotosynthetic bacteria producing oxygen
- spirocheteSpiral-shaped bacterium
Earliest geological eon
- PrecambrianEarliest geological eon
- microfossilMinute preserved organism
- abiogenesisLife from inanimate matter
- primordialExisting from the start
hydrothermal vent · anoxic · cyanobacteria · fossil · ancient · Proterozoic
Bacteria-killing medication
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- bioreactorVessel for growing organisms
- recombinantGenetically engineered combination
- cloningMaking identical copies
bioremediation · probiotic · pathogen · vaccine · insulin production · genetic engineering · biotechnology · sewage treatment
cytoplasm
Gel surrounding the nucleus
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- nucleoidProkaryotic chromosome region
- plasmidSelf-replicating DNA circle
cell wall · plasma membrane · flagellum · capsule · endospore · biofilm · binary fission · chemotaxis · conjugation · transduction
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomeDNA strand carrying genes
- nucleoidProkaryotic chromosome region
- plasmidSelf-replicating DNA circle
replication · transcription · translation · ribosome · gene · RNA · polymerase · operon · promoter · mutation
bacteria
Nucleus-free single-celled organisms
- endosymbiosisOrganism living within another
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- cladisticsClassification by common descent
divergence · common ancestor · domain · kingdom · 16S rRNA
bacteria
Nucleus-free single-celled organisms
- extremophileLife in harsh conditions
- thermophileHeat-adapted living thing
- cyanobacteriaPhotosynthetic bacteria producing oxygen
Archean
Earliest geological eon
- PrecambrianEarliest geological eon
- microfossilMinute preserved organism
- abiogenesisLife from inanimate matter
primordial · hydrothermal vent · anoxic · cyanobacteria · fossil · ancient · Proterozoic
antibiotic
Bacteria-killing medication
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- bioreactorVessel for growing organisms
- recombinantGenetically engineered combination
cloning · bioremediation · probiotic · pathogen · vaccine · insulin production · genetic engineering · biotechnology · sewage treatment · nitrogen fixation
- biologycells, DNA, cell, biology, gene
- biological organizationcell, organ, tissue, organism, organ system
- microbiologybacteria, bacterium, microbe, microbes, microorganisms
- Microbesbacteria, bacterium, virus, mold, microbes
- PrecambrianArchean, Proterozoic, stromatolites, craton, Ur
- cell biologycell membrane, cell division, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria