eukaryote
Cell with nucleus
A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a nucleus enclosed by a membrane.
This distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes like bacteria, whose genetic material floats freely in the cell.
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotes.
The term appears mainly in biology: Humans are eukaryotes; E. coli is not.
Unicellular eukaryotic organism
- amoebaShape-shifting single-celled organism
- parameciumCiliated slipper-shaped protozoan
- yeastFermenting fungus
- fungiSpore-reproducing decomposers
algae · plant · animal · human · mammal · insect · bird · fish
Cell's energy-producing organelles
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- endoplasmic reticulumCytoplasmic membrane network for synthesis
- lysosomesOrganelles containing breakdown enzymes
peroxisomes · vacuole · chloroplast · centriole · vesicles · nucleolus · cytoskeleton · microtubules
Organism living within another
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- speciationFormation of distinct species
- multicellularityComposed of many cells
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
ancestry · Cambrian · adaptation · archaea · bacteria · cladistics · homologous · extinction
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- geneHereditary information unit
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
RNA · mitosis · meiosis · cell cycle · karyotype · telomere · centromere · interphase
protist
Unicellular eukaryotic organism
- amoebaShape-shifting single-celled organism
- parameciumCiliated slipper-shaped protozoan
- yeastFermenting fungus
fungi · algae · plant · animal · human · mammal · insect · bird · fish · reptile
mitochondria
Cell's energy-producing organelles
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- endoplasmic reticulumCytoplasmic membrane network for synthesis
lysosomes · peroxisomes · vacuole · chloroplast · centriole · vesicles · nucleolus · cytoskeleton · microtubules · plasma membrane
endosymbiosis
Organism living within another
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- speciationFormation of distinct species
- multicellularityComposed of many cells
divergence · ancestry · Cambrian · adaptation · archaea · bacteria · cladistics · homologous · extinction · radiation
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- geneHereditary information unit
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
replication · RNA · mitosis · meiosis · cell cycle · karyotype · telomere · centromere · interphase · prophase
- biologycells, DNA, cell, biology, gene
- cellscells, blood cell, cell theory, nerve cell, red blood cell
- biological organizationcell, organ, tissue, organism, organ system
- microbiologybacteria, bacterium, microbe, microbes, microorganisms
- cell biologycell membrane, cell division, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria
- cell partsnucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane
eukaryoteprokaryote
Cell without nuclear membrane
bacterium · bacteria · archaea · archaeon · archaebacteria