pasteurizing
Killing milk bacteria
Pasteurizing is the process of heating food or beverages—most commonly milk, juice, or beer—to a specific temperature for a set period to kill harmful bacteria and extend shelf life without significantly altering taste or nutritional value.
Named after French scientist Louis Pasteur, who developed the technique in the 1860s, pasteurizing has become standard practice in food safety.
The dairy pasteurizes its milk at 161°F for 15 seconds.
Disease-causing microorganisms
- salmonellaFoodborne bacterial illness
- listeriaFoodborne bacterial infection
- E. coliIntestinal rod-shaped bacterium
- bacteriaNucleus-free single-celled organisms
contamination · foodborne illness · public health · food safety · regulations · shelf life · spoilage · outbreak
Mammalian nursing fluid
whey · casein · lactose · kefir · curd · homogenized · skimmed · probiotic
Extreme-heat sterilization method
- heat exchangerTransfers thermal energy between media
- temperature controlRegulating heat levels
Disease caused by microorganisms
- microbiologyStudy of microscopic life
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- rabies vaccineInoculation against fatal neurological virus
- anthrax vaccineImmunization against lethal spore-forming bacterium
biogenesis · vaccination · inoculation · immunology · scientific method · chemist · bacteriology · virology
Usable storage duration
- perishableProne to decay
- food preservationProtecting edibles from rot
- refrigerationHeat removal for preservation
- cold chainTemperature-controlled distribution system
bottling · packaging · aseptic · shelf-stable · canning · sterilization · expiration date · storage
Extracted fruit liquid
- beerFermented grain drink
- wineFermented grape beverage
- ciderPressed apple beverage
- kombuchaFermented tea drink
fruit juice · orange juice · apple cider · vinegar · sake
pathogens
Disease-causing microorganisms
- salmonellaFoodborne bacterial illness
- listeriaFoodborne bacterial infection
- E. coliIntestinal rod-shaped bacterium
bacteria · contamination · foodborne illness · public health · food safety · regulations · shelf life · spoilage · outbreak · tuberculosis
milk
Mammalian nursing fluid
butter · whey · casein · lactose · kefir · curd · homogenized · skimmed · probiotic · lactic acid
UHT
Extreme-heat sterilization method
- heat exchangerTransfers thermal energy between media
- temperature controlRegulating heat levels
germ theory
Disease caused by microorganisms
- microbiologyStudy of microscopic life
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- rabies vaccineInoculation against fatal neurological virus
anthrax vaccine · biogenesis · vaccination · inoculation · immunology · scientific method · chemist · bacteriology · virology · microbes
shelf life
Usable storage duration
- perishableProne to decay
- food preservationProtecting edibles from rot
- refrigerationHeat removal for preservation
cold chain · bottling · packaging · aseptic · shelf-stable · canning · sterilization · expiration date · storage · sealed
juice
Extracted fruit liquid
kombucha · fruit juice · orange juice · apple cider · vinegar · sake
- food processingcanning, freezing, drying, packaging, fermentation
- sterilizationsterilization, autoclaving, autoclave, disinfecting, sanitizing
- cooking techniquessear, simmering, boiling, frying, saute
- processingprocessing, batch processing, data processing, parallel processing, real-time processing
- juice makingsqueezing, pressing, juicing, blending, straining
- preservationpreserve, preservatives, preservative, canning, freezing
pasteurizingfermenting
Biochemical decomposition by microbes
culturing · inoculating · brewing · souring · ripening
pasteurizingcontaminating
Making something impure
infecting · spoiling · tainting · adulterating · neglecting
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