African National Congress
South Africa's liberators
The African National Congress is South Africa's oldest and most prominent political party, founded in 1912 to advocate for Black South Africans' rights.
The ANC led resistance against apartheid, was banned from 1960 to 1990, and governed the country from Nelson Mandela's 1994 election through subsequent decades.
The ANC won another parliamentary majority.
Capacity to withstand force
- Freedom CharterEquality manifesto from Kliptown
- Soweto uprisingAnti-apartheid youth demonstration
- armed struggleViolent political conflict
- civil disobediencePeaceful refusal to obey
boycott · sanctions · protests · marches · underground movement · exile · international solidarity · divestment
Group pardon from authorities
- forgivenessReleasing resentment toward offenders
- ubuntuShared humanity ethic
- negotiated settlementAgreement reached through dialogue
- transitionChange from one state
Racial separation policy
- segregationForced separation by group
- racismPrejudice based on ethnicity
- discriminationUnjust differential treatment
- injusticeDenial of fair treatment
pass laws · Group Areas Act · police brutality · detention without trial · state of emergency
- Robben IslandSouth African prison colony
- Mandela DayAnnual day promoting community service
- XhosaBantu language with clicks
- presidential inaugurationFormal assumption of executive office
National legislative assembly
- constitutionInherent physical or structural makeup
- democracyRule by the people
- electionsFormal choosing of officials
- cabinetEnclosed storage furniture
resistance
Capacity to withstand force
- Freedom CharterEquality manifesto from Kliptown
- Soweto uprisingAnti-apartheid youth demonstration
- armed struggleViolent political conflict
civil disobedience · boycott · sanctions · protests · marches · underground movement · exile · international solidarity · divestment
amnesty
Group pardon from authorities
- forgivenessReleasing resentment toward offenders
- ubuntuShared humanity ethic
- negotiated settlementAgreement reached through dialogue
apartheid
Racial separation policy
- segregationForced separation by group
- racismPrejudice based on ethnicity
- discriminationUnjust differential treatment
injustice · pass laws · Group Areas Act · police brutality · detention without trial · state of emergency
Nelson Mandela
- Robben IslandSouth African prison colony
- Mandela DayAnnual day promoting community service
- XhosaBantu language with clicks
trade unions
Worker collectives for negotiations
parliament
National legislative assembly
- constitutionInherent physical or structural makeup
- democracyRule by the people
- electionsFormal choosing of officials
cabinet · state capture · corruption · proportional representation
Winnie Mandela
- Apartheidapartheid, pass laws, Group Areas Act, passbook, passbooks
- New South AfricaNelson Mandela, Mandela, new constitution, democratic transition, truth commission
- South African Historyapartheid, Nelson Mandela, Mandela, Soweto, Sharpeville
- African Governmentparliament, legislature, judiciary, executive, presidency
- ZambiaLusaka, Zambezi, Victoria Falls, Livingstone, Zambians
African National Congressapartheid regime
Racially segregated political system
African National Congresssettler colonialism
Occupation displacing native peoples
African, Congress, Africa, nation, national, nationalism, nationalist, nationalize, nationalization