vulcanism
Magma reaching surface
Vulcanism is volcanic activity—the processes by which molten rock, gases, and ash reach the earth's surface.
The term covers everything from quiet lava flows to explosive eruptions.
Also spelled volcanism, which is now more common.
The vulcanism of the Pacific Ring of Fire shapes the region's geology.
Erupted liquid stone
- ashCombustion's powdery remains
- pyroclasticHot eruption debris
- explosionViolent burst of energy
- plumeOrnamental feather or rising column
vent · fissure · caldera · lahar · tephra · scoria · pumice · sulfur
Formed from cooled magma
- magmaMolten rock underground
- basaltFine-grained volcanic stone
- andesiteIntermediate volcanic rock
- rhyolitePale volcanic igneous rock
granite · obsidian · tuff · silica · molten · crystallization · intrusive · extrusive
Flat dish for food
- subductionPlate descending beneath another
- riftCrack or estrangement
- hotspotArea of notable activity
- convergenceProcess of approaching sameness
divergence · lithosphere · asthenosphere · crust · boundary · mid-ocean ridge · ring of fire · orogeny
Impact or volcanic basin
- calderaCollapsed volcanic summit basin
- shieldHandheld defensive armor
- stratovolcanoLayered cone-shaped volcanic mountain
- cinder coneSteep volcanic debris hill
lava dome · seamount · plateau · lava field · lava tube · tableland
Greek forge deity
- forgeFurnace for shaping metal
- fireCombustion with flames
- RomanOf ancient Italy's capital
- blacksmithIron-shaping craftsperson
anvil · underworld · Prometheus · Etna · gods · legend
lava
Erupted liquid stone
- ashCombustion's powdery remains
- pyroclasticHot eruption debris
- explosionViolent burst of energy
plume · vent · fissure · caldera · lahar · tephra · scoria · pumice · sulfur · fumarole
igneous
Formed from cooled magma
rhyolite · granite · obsidian · tuff · silica · molten · crystallization · intrusive · extrusive · plutonic
plate
Flat dish for food
- subductionPlate descending beneath another
- riftCrack or estrangement
- hotspotArea of notable activity
convergence · divergence · lithosphere · asthenosphere · crust · boundary · mid-ocean ridge · ring of fire · orogeny · continental drift
crater
Impact or volcanic basin
- calderaCollapsed volcanic summit basin
- shieldHandheld defensive armor
- stratovolcanoLayered cone-shaped volcanic mountain
cinder cone · lava dome · seamount · plateau · lava field · lava tube · tableland
Hephaestus
Greek forge deity
blacksmith · anvil · underworld · Prometheus · Etna · gods · legend
- obsolete sciencephlogiston, aether, phlogiston theory, ether, caloric
vulcanismerosion
Gradual wearing away
weathering · denudation · sedimentation · glaciation · abrasion
- vulcanized rubberHeat-treated elastic polymer
vulcanize, vulcanization, vulcanized, vulcanizing, vulcanizes