sulfonate
Sulfonic acid anion
A sulfonate is a salt or ester of sulfonic acid, containing a sulfur atom bonded to three oxygen atoms.
Sulfonates appear widely in detergents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
As a verb, to sulfonate is to introduce a sulfonic acid group into a compound: The chemist sulfonated the aromatic ring to increase water solubility.
Chemical cleaning agent
- emulsifierCombines immiscible liquids
- wettingAdding moisture to
- dispersingSpreading widely apart
- foamingProducing froth or bubbles
defoaming · micelle · hydrophilic · lauryl · cleaning · biodegradable · soap · shampoo
Negatively charged ion
- estersOrganic acid-alcohol derivatives
- saltsSodium chloride crystals
- taurineSulfonic amino acid
- aromaticPleasantly strong-smelling
alkyl · sodium · potassium · calcium · ammonium · ion-exchange · resins · anionic
Attaching sulfonic groups chemically
- fumingExtremely angry, visibly so
- reactionResponse to stimulus
- reagentsSubstances for chemical analysis
- catalystAgent enabling change
esterification · alkylation · condensation · kinetics · hydrocarbon · yield · purification · workup
Charge-balancing ionic partner
- solubilityDissolving potential in liquid
- bioavailabilityFraction reaching active circulation
- crystallineClear, ordered, brilliant
- stabilityResistance to displacement
Additives increasing material pliability
- textilesWoven or knit materials
- tanningCuring hides or bronzing
- leatherTanned animal skin
- dyesPigments for staining materials
pigments · polymers · plastics · additives · lubricants · antistatic · softeners · electroplating
detergent
Chemical cleaning agent
- emulsifierCombines immiscible liquids
- wettingAdding moisture to
- dispersingSpreading widely apart
foaming · defoaming · micelle · hydrophilic · lauryl · cleaning · biodegradable · soap · shampoo · dishwashing
anion
Negatively charged ion
aromatic · alkyl · sodium · potassium · calcium · ammonium · ion-exchange · resins · anionic
sulfonation
Attaching sulfonic groups chemically
- fumingExtremely angry, visibly so
- reactionResponse to stimulus
- reagentsSubstances for chemical analysis
catalyst · esterification · alkylation · condensation · kinetics · hydrocarbon · yield · purification · workup
counterion
Charge-balancing ionic partner
- solubilityDissolving potential in liquid
- bioavailabilityFraction reaching active circulation
- crystallineClear, ordered, brilliant
plasticizers
Additives increasing material pliability
dyes · pigments · polymers · plastics · additives · lubricants · antistatic · softeners · electroplating · petroleum
- derivatizationsmethylate, acetylate, chlorinate, fluorinate, nitrate
- anionic surfactantsSDS, carboxylate, glutamates, soap
- ionsion, ions, anion, cation, anions
- Automotive Additivesengine cleaner, ring seal, stop leak
- surfactantssurfactant, surfactants, detergent, detergents, soap