probability theory
Mathematics of likelihood
Probability theory is the branch of mathematics that studies random phenomena and uncertainty.
It provides formal frameworks for calculating the likelihood of events, from coin flips to complex systems.
The theory underpins statistics, actuarial science, quantum mechanics, and machine learning: Probability theory tells us the odds of drawing a flush.
Probability-weighted outcome average
- varianceSpread around the mean
- standard deviationSpread around the mean
- covarianceJoint deviation measure
- correlationStatistical relationship measure
moment · mean · median · mode · percentile · likelihood · chain rule · generating function
Statistical method for evaluating claims
- confidence intervalEstimated bounds for population parameter
- p-valueProbability under null hypothesis
- estimationApproximate value judgment
- regressionReturn to former state
t-test · ANOVA · z-score · parametric · nonparametric · posterior · prior
Tack restraining head position
- random walkChance-governed sequential movement
- diffusionPassive molecular spreading
- Monte CarloProbability estimation through randomness
- simulationImitation of real processes
Function quantifying probabilistic outcomes
- eventA notable occurrence
- outcomeFinal result of events
- experimentSystematic investigation procedure
- axiomsAccepted starting principles
independence · law of large numbers · combinatorics · permutation · combination · counting · frequentist · subjectivist
Evaluating likelihood of harm
- insuranceContractual risk coverage
- machine learningAlgorithms that improve from data
- cryptographyScience of secure messaging
- geneticsScience of hereditary transmission
quantum mechanics · financial modeling · epidemiology · signal processing · entropy
Bell-shaped probability curve
- bell curveNormal distribution's shape
- BernoulliMathematician behind lift theory
- binomialExpression with two terms
- exponentialIncreasing by constant ratio
uniform · geometric · chi-square · beta · gamma · multinomial · continuous · discrete
expected value
Probability-weighted outcome average
- varianceSpread around the mean
- standard deviationSpread around the mean
- covarianceJoint deviation measure
correlation · moment · mean · median · mode · percentile · likelihood · chain rule · generating function
hypothesis testing
Statistical method for evaluating claims
- confidence intervalEstimated bounds for population parameter
- p-valueProbability under null hypothesis
- estimationApproximate value judgment
regression · t-test · ANOVA · z-score · parametric · nonparametric · posterior · prior
martingale
Tack restraining head position
- random walkChance-governed sequential movement
- diffusionPassive molecular spreading
- Monte CarloProbability estimation through randomness
random variable
Function quantifying probabilistic outcomes
- eventA notable occurrence
- outcomeFinal result of events
- experimentSystematic investigation procedure
axioms · independence · law of large numbers · combinatorics · permutation · combination · counting · frequentist · subjectivist
risk assessment
Evaluating likelihood of harm
- insuranceContractual risk coverage
- machine learningAlgorithms that improve from data
- cryptographyScience of secure messaging
genetics · quantum mechanics · financial modeling · epidemiology · signal processing · entropy
normal distribution
Bell-shaped probability curve
- bell curveNormal distribution's shape
- BernoulliMathematician behind lift theory
- binomialExpression with two terms
exponential · uniform · geometric · chi-square · beta · gamma · multinomial · continuous · discrete · heavy-tailed
- theoretical sciencephysics, mathematics, quantum mechanics, relativity, cosmology
- mathematicsalgebra, arithmetic, calculus, geometry, number
- probabilitychance, random, randomness, odds, luck
- scientific theoriesevolution, general relativity, relativity, plate tectonics, special relativity
- theories
- PascalPascal's triangle, cycloid, hydraulic press, syringe, religious conversion
probability theorydeterminism
Doctrine of causal necessity
absolute certainty · classical mechanics · Newtonian mechanics · clockwork universe · certainty
probability theoryfaith
Trust without proof
dogma · superstition · divination · gut feeling · magical thinking
probability theorynumber theory
Pure math studying integers
algebra · geometry · set theory · combinatorics · calculus
theory, probably, probable, probability, improbable, theorem, theories, theoretical, theorize