neurones
Nerve signal carriers
Neurones is the British spelling of neurons—the specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals through the nervous system.
The brain contains roughly 86 billion neurones, connected in vast networks that enable thought, sensation, and movement.
The disease attacks motor neurones controlling voluntary muscles.
Neuron's signal-sending projection
- dendriteNeuron's input branch
- somaBodily cells, excluding gametes
- cortexOrgan's external tissue
- hippocampusMemory formation region
cerebellum · amygdala · neocortex · brainstem · myelin · nucleus · membrane · cytoplasm
Synaptic chemical messenger
- synapseNerve signal crossing point
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- presynapticBefore the neural junction
- vesicleSmall fluid-filled sac
glutamate · GABA · acetylcholine · dopamine · serotonin · reuptake · plasticity · excitatory
Loss of electrical gradient
- hyperpolarizationExcessive membrane voltage negativity
- firingTerminating employment
- spikeSharp rise or point
- impulseSudden urge to act
threshold · refractory · propagation · excitation · inhibition · oscillation · voltage-gated · sodium
New nerve cell formation
- electrophysiologyBiology's electrical activity science
- imagingProducing visual representations
- stainingApplying dye or pigment
- neurodegenerationProgressive loss of neurons
Having four triangular faces
- bipolarHaving two opposite poles
- unipolarHaving one pole only
- multipolarHaving numerous poles
- afferentConveying toward central point
efferent · cholinergic · dopaminergic · serotonergic · mechanoreceptor
Star-shaped neural support cell
- microgliaCNS immune cells
- gliaNon-neuronal brain cells
- myelinationFatty nerve coating
- ensheathingCovering with a casing
axon
Neuron's signal-sending projection
hippocampus · cerebellum · amygdala · neocortex · brainstem · myelin · nucleus · membrane · cytoplasm · mitochondria
neurotransmitter
Synaptic chemical messenger
- synapseNerve signal crossing point
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- presynapticBefore the neural junction
vesicle · glutamate · GABA · acetylcholine · dopamine · serotonin · reuptake · plasticity · excitatory · inhibitory
depolarization
Loss of electrical gradient
- hyperpolarizationExcessive membrane voltage negativity
- firingTerminating employment
- spikeSharp rise or point
impulse · threshold · refractory · propagation · excitation · inhibition · oscillation · voltage-gated · sodium · potassium
neurogenesis
New nerve cell formation
- electrophysiologyBiology's electrical activity science
- imagingProducing visual representations
- stainingApplying dye or pigment
neurodegeneration · apoptosis · culture · in-vitro · tracing · recording
pyramidal
Having four triangular faces
- bipolarHaving two opposite poles
- unipolarHaving one pole only
- multipolarHaving numerous poles
afferent · efferent · cholinergic · dopaminergic · serotonergic · mechanoreceptor
astrocyte
Star-shaped neural support cell
- microgliaCNS immune cells
- gliaNon-neuronal brain cells
- myelinationFatty nerve coating
neuronesmuscle fibres
Contractile cells in tissue
muscle tissue · adipocytes · fat cells · erythrocytes · red blood cells
- motor neuron diseaseDegenerative condition affecting movement-controlling cells
- motor neuronNerve cell activating muscles
- upper motor neuronCentral nervous system motor cell
- neuron firingNerve cell transmitting signal
- lower motor neuronNerve directly innervating muscle
- sensory neuronsCells transmitting stimuli inward