axon
Neuron's outgoing cable
An axon is the long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
A single neuron typically has one axon, which may branch extensively at its end.
Axons can be microscopic or stretch over a meter in length, as with those running from the spinal cord to the toes.
Neuron's input branch
- somaBodily cells, excluding gametes
- myelinNerve fiber insulation
- terminalAt the endpoint
- hillockMinor land elevation
bouton · microtubule · cytoskeleton · membrane · node · internode · collateral · branch
Message-conveying cue
- impulseSudden urge to act
- conductionHeat transfer through contact
- transmissionSending of information
- action potentialNeuron's rapid electrical discharge
depolarization · repolarization · propagation · velocity · spike · firing · transport · anterograde
Impulse-conducting cell
- glialOf brain support cells
- astrocyteStar-shaped neural support cell
- motor neuronNerve cell activating muscles
- interneuronNerve cell connecting others
pyramidal · ganglion · nerve · peripheral · central · afferent · efferent
Damage to peripheral nerves
- degenerationProgressive loss of function
- demyelinationNerve sheath degradation
- lesionArea of pathological change
- damageHarm or impairment
injury · regeneration · multiple sclerosis · ALS · transection · atrophy · dysfunction
dendrite
Neuron's input branch
hillock · bouton · microtubule · cytoskeleton · membrane · node · internode · collateral · branch · fiber
signal
Message-conveying cue
- impulseSudden urge to act
- conductionHeat transfer through contact
- transmissionSending of information
action potential · depolarization · repolarization · propagation · velocity · spike · firing · transport · anterograde · retrograde
neuron
Impulse-conducting cell
- glialOf brain support cells
- astrocyteStar-shaped neural support cell
- motor neuronNerve cell activating muscles
interneuron · pyramidal · ganglion · nerve · peripheral · central · afferent · efferent
neuropathy
Damage to peripheral nerves
- degenerationProgressive loss of function
- demyelinationNerve sheath degradation
- lesionArea of pathological change
damage · injury · regeneration · multiple sclerosis · ALS · transection · atrophy · dysfunction
- cell projectionscilia, cilium, flagella, flagellum, pseudopod
- body partsarm, leg, hand, back, chest
- braincerebrum, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus
- brain sciencebrain scan, brain research, brain map, brain imaging, brain chemistry
- nervous systembrain, neurons, nerves, spinal cord, dendrite
- neurocienciaglia