neurone
Brain signal carrier
Neurone is the British spelling of neuron—a nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals through the body.
Neurones form the basic functional units of the nervous system, carrying information between the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues.
The American spelling neuron dominates scientific literature globally.
Neuron's signal-sending projection
- dendriteNeuron's input branch
- somaBodily cells, excluding gametes
- synapseNerve signal crossing point
- nucleusCentral controlling part
membrane · cytoplasm · mitochondria · cytoskeleton · microtubule · organelle · ribosome · endoplasmic reticulum
Organ's external tissue
- hippocampusMemory formation region
- amygdalaEmotion-processing brain cluster
- cerebellumMovement coordination organ
- thalamusBrain's signal switchboard
hypothalamus · brainstem · neocortex · grey matter · white matter · frontal lobe · parietal lobe · temporal lobe
Neuron's rapid electrical discharge
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- impulseSudden urge to act
- depolarizationLoss of electrical gradient
- repolarizationMembrane voltage reset
firing · receptor · synapse · serotonin · dopamine · acetylcholine · glutamate · GABA
State of being linked
- circuitryInterconnected electronic components
- pathwayDesignated route for travel
- plasticityAbility to change shape
- wiringInstalled electrical conductors
hub · nodes · interconnected · mapping · parallel processing · integration · convergence · divergence
axon
Neuron's signal-sending projection
nucleus · membrane · cytoplasm · mitochondria · cytoskeleton · microtubule · organelle · ribosome · endoplasmic reticulum · myelin sheath
cortex
Organ's external tissue
- hippocampusMemory formation region
- amygdalaEmotion-processing brain cluster
- cerebellumMovement coordination organ
thalamus · hypothalamus · brainstem · neocortex · grey matter · white matter · frontal lobe · parietal lobe · temporal lobe · occipital lobe
action potential
Neuron's rapid electrical discharge
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- impulseSudden urge to act
- depolarizationLoss of electrical gradient
repolarization · firing · receptor · synapse · serotonin · dopamine · acetylcholine · glutamate · GABA · refractory period
connectivity
State of being linked
- circuitryInterconnected electronic components
- pathwayDesignated route for travel
- plasticityAbility to change shape
wiring · hub · nodes · interconnected · mapping · parallel processing · integration · convergence · divergence · feedback loop
- cerveaucortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, synapse, meninges
neuronemuscle fibre
Contractile cell in flesh
muscle fiber · glia · fibroblast · osteocyte · red blood cell
- motor neuron diseaseDegenerative condition affecting movement-controlling cells
- motor neuronNerve cell activating muscles
- upper motor neuronCentral nervous system motor cell
- neuron firingNerve cell transmitting signal
- lower motor neuronNerve directly innervating muscle
- sensory neuronsCells transmitting stimuli inward
pyramidal neurons, neurotic, neurosis, neuron, neurology, neuroscience, neurons, neuronal, neurotoxin