neurotoxin
Nervous system poison
A neurotoxin is a substance that damages or destroys nerve tissue.
Neurotoxins include snake venoms, certain pesticides, heavy metals like lead and mercury, and some bacterial products like botulinum toxin.
Exposure can cause paralysis, seizures, cognitive impairment, or death depending on the toxin and dose: The pufferfish contains a potent neurotoxin.
Organophosphate chemical weapon
- VXChemical warfare toxin
- novichokMilitary-grade neurotoxin class
- organophosphatePhosphorus compound, often toxic
- acrylamideHeat-generated food contaminant
hexane · toluene · lead · mercury · arsenic · thallium · manganese · methanol
Loss of muscle function
- numbnessLoss of sensation
- tremorInvoluntary rhythmic shaking
- seizureForcible taking or convulsion
- convulsionSudden involuntary muscle contractions
ataxia · paresthesia · fasciculation · respiratory failure · muscle weakness · cognitive impairment · encephalopathy · neurodegeneration
Serpent fang injury
- cobraHooded venomous serpent
- black mambaSwift African pit viper
- taipanVenomous Australian snake
- scorpionStinging arachnid with pincers
spider · pufferfish · blue-ringed octopus · cone snail · box jellyfish · stonefish · lionfish · platypus
Paralysis-causing bacterial species
Neurotransmitter for muscles and memory
- cholinesteraseHydrolyzes nerve signal molecules
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- channelPassage for transmission
- synapseNerve signal crossing point
axon · demyelination · apoptosis · blood-brain barrier · neurotransmitter · depolarization · blockade · inhibition
Agent destroying harmful organisms
- insecticideToxic agent targeting pests
- herbicideVegetation-destroying chemical
- rodenticideSubstance lethal to rats
- paraquatToxic methyl viologen herbicide
glyphosate · DDT · lindane · permethrin · neonicotinoid · fumigant · bioaccumulation
Half-fatal dose measurement
- toxicologyScience of poisons
- bioassayTest using living tissue
- antidoteSubstance neutralizing harmful agents
- chelationChemical metal-ion capture
neuroprotection · in vitro · dose-response · biomarker · exposure · threshold · detoxification
sarin
Organophosphate chemical weapon
- VXChemical warfare toxin
- novichokMilitary-grade neurotoxin class
- organophosphatePhosphorus compound, often toxic
acrylamide · hexane · toluene · lead · mercury · arsenic · thallium · manganese · methanol
paralysis
Loss of muscle function
convulsion · ataxia · paresthesia · fasciculation · respiratory failure · muscle weakness · cognitive impairment · encephalopathy · neurodegeneration · coma
snakebite
Serpent fang injury
- cobraHooded venomous serpent
- black mambaSwift African pit viper
- taipanVenomous Australian snake
scorpion · spider · pufferfish · blue-ringed octopus · cone snail · box jellyfish · stonefish · lionfish · platypus · Gila monster
botulinum
Paralysis-causing bacterial species
acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter for muscles and memory
- cholinesteraseHydrolyzes nerve signal molecules
- receptorSignal-receiving molecule
- channelPassage for transmission
synapse · axon · demyelination · apoptosis · blood-brain barrier · neurotransmitter · depolarization · blockade · inhibition · binding
pesticide
Agent destroying harmful organisms
- insecticideToxic agent targeting pests
- herbicideVegetation-destroying chemical
- rodenticideSubstance lethal to rats
paraquat · glyphosate · DDT · lindane · permethrin · neonicotinoid · fumigant · bioaccumulation
LD50
Half-fatal dose measurement
- toxicologyScience of poisons
- bioassayTest using living tissue
- antidoteSubstance neutralizing harmful agents
chelation · neuroprotection · in vitro · dose-response · biomarker · exposure · threshold · detoxification
- animal defensespoison, venom, toxins, horns, shells
- Contaminantspollutants, pollutant, heavy metals, pesticides, carcinogen
- hazardsfire hazard, fire hazards, contamination, tripping hazard, choking hazard
- chemical hazardspoisoning, carcinogenicity, fumes, vapors, chemical burns
- hazardous substancescyanide, arsine, mustard gas, nerve gas, phosgene
- injectablesvaccine, filler, insulin, dermal filler, epidural