ionosphere
Radio wave reflector
The ionosphere is a region of Earth's upper atmosphere, roughly 50 to 600 miles up, where solar radiation ionizes gas molecules and creates layers of electrically charged particles.
These layers reflect radio waves back to Earth, enabling long-distance radio communication: The signal bounced off the ionosphere to reach receivers thousands of miles away.
The ionosphere also produces auroras when solar particles interact with atmospheric gases.
Second atmospheric layer up
- mesosphereAtmospheric layer, 50-85km up
- thermosphereHigh-temperature atmospheric zone
- exosphereAtmosphere's outermost region
- troposphereLowest atmospheric layer
atmospheric · boundary · transition · altitude · kilometers · height · upper · envelope
Act of spreading widely
- skywaveRadio reflected by atmosphere
- shortwaveHigh-frequency radio band
- HFTwo-letter chemical abbreviation
- skipTo deliberately exclude
transmission · amateur · frequency · fading · broadcast · communication · antenna · signal
Negative charges in atoms
- chargedFormally accused of crime
- particlesMinute pieces of matter
- photoionizationElectron ejection by light
- conductivityAbility to carry current
protons · density · recombination · electromagnetic · collisions · excitation · currents · dynamo
Dark patches on star
- magnetosphereCelestial body's protective field
- scintillationRapid light variation
- disturbanceDisruption of order
- GPSSatellite-based location technology
Atmospheric nocturnal luminescence
- nightglowAtmospheric emission after dark
- luminousEmitting or reflecting light
- oxygenElement eight, colorless gas
- nitrogenElement seven, colorless gas
emissions · greenline · redline · geomagnetic · spectral · photons · shimmering · curtains
Depth measurement technique
- radarRadio-wave object detection
- satelliteOrbiting celestial body
- tomographyImaging via cross-sections
- AreciboPuerto Rican radio observatory
measurement · monitoring · modeling · GPS
stratosphere
Second atmospheric layer up
- mesosphereAtmospheric layer, 50-85km up
- thermosphereHigh-temperature atmospheric zone
- exosphereAtmosphere's outermost region
troposphere · atmospheric · boundary · transition · altitude · kilometers · height · upper · envelope · airglow
propagation
Act of spreading widely
- skywaveRadio reflected by atmosphere
- shortwaveHigh-frequency radio band
- HFTwo-letter chemical abbreviation
skip · transmission · amateur · frequency · fading · broadcast · communication · antenna · signal · reflection
electrons
Negative charges in atoms
- chargedFormally accused of crime
- particlesMinute pieces of matter
- photoionizationElectron ejection by light
conductivity · protons · density · recombination · electromagnetic · collisions · excitation · currents · dynamo · cations
sunspots
Dark patches on star
- magnetosphereCelestial body's protective field
- scintillationRapid light variation
- disturbanceDisruption of order
airglow
Atmospheric nocturnal luminescence
- nightglowAtmospheric emission after dark
- luminousEmitting or reflecting light
- oxygenElement eight, colorless gas
nitrogen · emissions · greenline · redline · geomagnetic · spectral · photons · shimmering · curtains · arcs
sounding
Depth measurement technique
- radarRadio-wave object detection
- satelliteOrbiting celestial body
- tomographyImaging via cross-sections
Arecibo · measurement · monitoring · modeling · GPS
- space weathersolar wind, solar flares, solar storms, aurora borealis, northern lights
- atmosphereair, humidity, atmosphere, temperature, oxygen
- spacespace, sun, moon, stars, star
- earth scienceatmosphere, earthquake, geology, volcano, crust
- planetary atmospheresatmospheric layers, clouds, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon
- plasmaplasma, electrons, protons, charged particles, solar wind
ionospheretroposphere
Lowest atmospheric layer
ground level · lower atmosphere · sea level · boundary layer · stratosphere