empirical
From direct observation
Empirical is an adjective that means based on or derived from observation of facts.
It can be contrasted with theoretical (based on ideas) or speculative (based on imagination).
Empirical is an important word in science and often precedes the word evidence, even though that combination is somewhat redundant: Empirical evidence shows that farmers often adopt parts of new technology rather than the whole.
An empirical study or empirical research is based on experiments designed to allow for observation of facts.
Able to be examined
- falsifiableCapable of being disproven
- verifiableAble to be proven
- measurableAble to be gauged
- objectivePurpose or goal
systematic · rigorous · methodology · induction · inference · scientific method · hypothesis testing · reproducible
Collected numerical information
- metricsStandards for assessment
- analyticsSystematic examination of datasets
- dataFacts for analysis
- findingsConclusions from investigation
results · research · studies · measurements · variables · correlations · patterns · samples
Attentive watching or remark
- sensoryRelated to perception
- perceptionMental interpretation of stimuli
- fieldworkResearch conducted on location
- monitoringOngoing observation of something
witnessing · surveying · ethnographic · qualitative · phenomenological · naturalistic · case study · firsthand
Testable proposed explanation
- experimentationSystematic testing of ideas
- laboratoryFacility for scientific investigation
- control groupUntreated subjects for comparison
- variableProne to fluctuation
placebo · double-blind · trial · replication · randomization · protocol · procedure · manipulation
Involving direct physical engagement
- experientialDerived from direct involvement
- real-worldExisting in physical reality
- appliedPut into practice
- pragmaticFocused on workable solutions
concrete · tangible · trial-and-error · learning by doing · grounded · actionable
Demonstration of truth
- verificationProving something accurate
- validationConfirming truth or accuracy
- substantiationProof of truth
- corroborationEvidence confirming another account
confirmation · demonstration · documentation · support · basis · grounds · justification · authentication
Determining size or amount
- numericalRelating to figures
- quantificationExpressing something numerically
- statisticalRelating to data analysis
- precisionAccuracy of measurement
accuracy · sampling · probability · regression · significance · margin of error · confidence interval · standard deviation
testable
Able to be examined
- falsifiableCapable of being disproven
- verifiableAble to be proven
- measurableAble to be gauged
objective · systematic · rigorous · methodology · induction · inference · scientific method · hypothesis testing · reproducible · peer-reviewed
statistics
Collected numerical information
findings · results · research · studies · measurements · variables · correlations · patterns · samples · surveys
observation
Attentive watching or remark
- sensoryRelated to perception
- perceptionMental interpretation of stimuli
- fieldworkResearch conducted on location
monitoring · witnessing · surveying · ethnographic · qualitative · phenomenological · naturalistic · case study · firsthand · direct observation
hypothesis
Testable proposed explanation
- experimentationSystematic testing of ideas
- laboratoryFacility for scientific investigation
- control groupUntreated subjects for comparison
variable · placebo · double-blind · trial · replication · randomization · protocol · procedure · manipulation · causation
hands-on
Involving direct physical engagement
- experientialDerived from direct involvement
- real-worldExisting in physical reality
- appliedPut into practice
pragmatic · concrete · tangible · trial-and-error · learning by doing · grounded · actionable
proof
Demonstration of truth
- verificationProving something accurate
- validationConfirming truth or accuracy
- substantiationProof of truth
corroboration · confirmation · demonstration · documentation · support · basis · grounds · justification · authentication · factual basis
measurement
Determining size or amount
- numericalRelating to figures
- quantificationExpressing something numerically
- statisticalRelating to data analysis
precision · accuracy · sampling · probability · regression · significance · margin of error · confidence interval · standard deviation · outliers
- researchstudy, research papers, researching, archive, peer review
- academicscholarly, academic, intellectual, erudite, learned
- experimentsexperiment, experiments, test, tests, trials
- real-worldreality, facts, actual, genuine, tangible
- research methodsexperiment, hypothesis, deduction, experiments, induction
- evidence termscredibility, reliability, validity, verification, corroboration
empiricaltheoretical
Based on hypothesis, untested
speculative · conjectural · hypothetical · a priori · deductive
empiricalunempirical
Not based on evidence
nonempirical · unsubstantiated · unverifiable · unproven · unproved
empiricalmetaphysical
Beyond the material realm
transcendental · transcendent · transcendentalist · supernatural · mystical
- empirical evidenceProof from measurable observation
- empirical researchInvestigation grounded in observation
- empirical dataFacts from direct experience
- empirical observationFacts gathered through senses
- empirical formulaSmallest whole-number element ratio
- empirical studyInvestigation based on observation