empirical evidence

Data from experiments

Empirical evidence is information gathered through observation, experiment, or experience rather than through theory or reasoning alone.

It's what you can actually see, measure, or test: The empirical evidence suggests the treatment works.

The term is fundamental to scientific method, where claims must be supported by observable, verifiable data rather than speculation or authority.

Opposites
epistemic reliability

empirical evidencebaseless claims

Assertions without factual support

anecdotal evidence · hearsay · conjecture · superstition · folk belief

relationship to reality

empirical evidencefabrication

Deliberately untrue statement

fiction · fantasy · hypothesis · dogma · ideology

Family

evidence, evident, empirical, empiricism, empirically, empiricist, evidentiary, empiricists

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