empirical research

Data-driven study methods

Empirical research is investigation based on direct observation or experimentation rather than theory alone.

The term appears constantly in academic contexts, where it distinguishes studies that gather real-world data from purely theoretical or speculative work: The empirical research supports her hypothesis.

See also empirical.

Opposites
methodology

empirical researchtheoretical

Based on hypothesis, untested

pure theory · armchair philosophy · hypothetical · deductive reasoning · abstract reasoning

epistemological grounding

empirical researchdogma

Unchallengeable official beliefs

conjecture · speculation · received wisdom · revelation · intuition

rigor and systematicity

empirical researchanecdotal evidence

Support from individual accounts

anecdote · casual observation · hearsay · personal experience · gut feeling

Family

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