hydrogen bonding
Water's cohesive force
Hydrogen bonding is the attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine and a nearby electronegative atom.
These bonds are weaker than the covalent bonds within molecules but strong enough to influence physical properties dramatically.
Hydrogen bonding explains why water has an unusually high boiling point and why ice floats—the bonds create an open lattice structure less dense than liquid water.
The same forces hold DNA's double helix together and give proteins their three-dimensional shapes.
Cohesive force at liquid interfaces
- capillary actionFluid movement through narrow channels
- meniscusCurved liquid surface
- adhesionState of clinging fast
- viscosityFluid's flow resistance
wetting · specific heat · latent heat · evaporation · condensation · water droplets · beading · boiling point elevation
Breaking up completely
- aqueousPertaining to liquid solutions
- miscibilityCapacity to form homogeneous mixture
- polarityState of opposing forces
- hydrophilicTending to absorb water
water solubility · ethanol · dissolving · partitioning · polar molecules
Bending something over itself
- backboneVertebral column, or courage
- amideCarbonyl-nitrogen functional group
- carbonylC=O functional group
- denaturationStructural breakdown of proteins
chaperone · prion · keratin · collagen · misfolding
Bonded DNA building blocks
- Watson-CrickDNA base pairing model
- double helixTwo intertwined spirals
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- antiparallelParallel but opposite-facing
stabilization · melting temperature · denaturation · hybridization · purine · pyrimidine
surface tension
Cohesive force at liquid interfaces
- capillary actionFluid movement through narrow channels
- meniscusCurved liquid surface
- adhesionState of clinging fast
viscosity · wetting · specific heat · latent heat · evaporation · condensation · water droplets · beading · boiling point elevation
dissolution
Breaking up completely
- aqueousPertaining to liquid solutions
- miscibilityCapacity to form homogeneous mixture
- polarityState of opposing forces
hydrophilic · water solubility · ethanol · dissolving · partitioning · polar molecules
folding
Bending something over itself
- backboneVertebral column, or courage
- amideCarbonyl-nitrogen functional group
- carbonylC=O functional group
denaturation · chaperone · prion · keratin · collagen · misfolding
base pairs
Bonded DNA building blocks
- Watson-CrickDNA base pairing model
- double helixTwo intertwined spirals
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
antiparallel · stabilization · melting temperature · denaturation · hybridization · purine · pyrimidine
- Supramolecular Chemistryencapsulation, self-assembly, capsule, receptor, binding site
- bonding typescovalent bonding, ionic bonding, chemical bonding, molecular bonding
- Water Propertiessalinity, temperature, density, viscosity, pH
- chemical bondingcovalent bonds, ionic bonds, double bonds, single bonds, triple bonds
- bindingbinding site, affinity, ligand, saturation, occupancy
- Chemical Theoryatomic theory, molecular theory, kinetic theory, quantum theory, ligand field theory
bond, hydrate, hydration, hydrogen, anhydrous, hydride, hydrometer, hydrates, hydrogenated