cosmonauts
Russian space travelers
Cosmonauts is the plural of cosmonaut, a Russian space traveler—the equivalent of an American astronaut.
The term comes from Russian and reflects the Soviet space program's parallel development during the Cold War space race: Yuri Gagarin was the first cosmonaut to orbit Earth.
The distinction persists today, with cosmonauts typically referring to those in the Russian space program.
First human in orbit
- SoyuzRussian crewed spacecraft
- VostokSoviet space program
- MirRussian space station
- cosmodromeRocket launch complex
Set into motion
- orbitCurved celestial path
- reentryComing back in
- dockingConnecting to a port
- spacewalkVenturing outside a spacecraft
EVA · microgravity · capsule · module · mission control · countdown · liftoff · splashdown
Pressurized garment for vacuum
- helmetProtective head covering
- life supportSystems maintaining vital functions
- oxygen tankPressurized breathing gas container
- visorEye-shading brim
gloves · tether · biosensors · pressurization · emergency kit · tool kit · umbilical · backpack
Those who fly aircraft
- flight engineersCrew members monitoring aircraft systems
- commandersMilitary authority figures
- taikonautsChinese space travelers
- research scientistsThose conducting systematic inquiry
Imitation of real processes
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
- survival trainingLearning to endure harsh conditions
- pressure suitSealed garment maintaining atmospheric conditions
- isolation chamberSealed room eliminating sensory input
physical conditioning · flight simulator · medical screening · emergency procedures · language study · wilderness survival · psychological evaluation
Gagarin
First human in orbit
launch
Set into motion
spacewalk · EVA · microgravity · capsule · module · mission control · countdown · liftoff · splashdown · rendezvous
spacesuit
Pressurized garment for vacuum
- helmetProtective head covering
- life supportSystems maintaining vital functions
- oxygen tankPressurized breathing gas container
visor · gloves · tether · biosensors · pressurization · emergency kit · tool kit · umbilical · backpack · boots
pilots
Those who fly aircraft
- flight engineersCrew members monitoring aircraft systems
- commandersMilitary authority figures
- taikonautsChinese space travelers
simulation
Imitation of real processes
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
- survival trainingLearning to endure harsh conditions
- pressure suitSealed garment maintaining atmospheric conditions
isolation chamber · physical conditioning · flight simulator · medical screening · emergency procedures · language study · wilderness survival · psychological evaluation
- Space PioneersNeil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Yuri Gagarin, John Glenn, Alan Shepard
- spacespace, sun, moon, stars, star
- aerospaceairplane, helicopter, rocket, rockets, spacecraft
- astronautstaikonaut, spaceman, spacewalker, moonwalker, Neil Armstrong
- RussiaRussia, Moscow, Kremlin, Red Square, Siberia
- space explorationrockets, Saturn V, satellites, mission, Falcon Heavy