downregulation
Reduced gene activity
Downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases its response to a signal, typically by reducing the number of receptors on its surface or diminishing their sensitivity.
The term appears in biology and medicine: Chronic exposure to the drug causes receptor downregulation.
More broadly, downregulation describes any biological dampening of activity or expression.
Become or make smaller
- reductionMaking something smaller
- suppressionForcible prevention or concealment
- inhibitionMental check on behavior
- attenuationGradual intensity reduction
diminution · dampening · decline · lessening · curtailment · moderation · lowering · blunting
Stopping noise or dissent
- repressorAgent blocking transcription
- epigeneticsHeritable expression changes, sequence intact
- knockdownBlow causing a fall
- antisenseGene-silencing nucleic acid
promoter · enhancer · gene expression · CRISPR · splicing
Signal-receiving molecule
- expressionConveyed thought or feeling
- signalingConveying information nonverbally
- pathwayDesignated route for travel
- phosphorylationPhosphate group attachment process
kinase · endocytosis · transcription · ligand · enzyme · feedback · modulation · acetylation
Returned response data
- equilibriumState of balance
- balanceSteadiness or amount owed
- steady-stateCondition of constant balance
- adaptationFitting to new conditions
compensation · negative feedback · autoregulation · stability · physiological · adjustment · tolerance · buffering
Study of drug actions
- toleranceWillingness to accept difference
- desensitizationReduced response over time
- antagonistOne who opposes another
- cytokineImmune signaling molecule
therapy · neurotransmitter · endocrine · antibody · pharmacokinetics · withdrawal · chronic exposure · adaptation
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- glucosePrimary cellular fuel
- thyroidHormone-producing neck gland
- leptinFat-derived hunger regulator
- adiposePertaining to stored lipids
thermogenesis · fasting · ketosis · energy expenditure · hormonal · obesity · starvation · metabolic rate
decrease
Become or make smaller
- reductionMaking something smaller
- suppressionForcible prevention or concealment
- inhibitionMental check on behavior
attenuation · diminution · dampening · decline · lessening · curtailment · moderation · lowering · blunting · weakening
silencing
Stopping noise or dissent
- repressorAgent blocking transcription
- epigeneticsHeritable expression changes, sequence intact
- knockdownBlow causing a fall
antisense · promoter · enhancer · gene expression · CRISPR · splicing
receptor
Signal-receiving molecule
- expressionConveyed thought or feeling
- signalingConveying information nonverbally
- pathwayDesignated route for travel
phosphorylation · kinase · endocytosis · transcription · ligand · enzyme · feedback · modulation · acetylation · methylation
feedback
Returned response data
- equilibriumState of balance
- balanceSteadiness or amount owed
- steady-stateCondition of constant balance
adaptation · compensation · negative feedback · autoregulation · stability · physiological · adjustment · tolerance · buffering · dynamic equilibrium
pharmacology
Study of drug actions
- toleranceWillingness to accept difference
- desensitizationReduced response over time
- antagonistOne who opposes another
cytokine · therapy · neurotransmitter · endocrine · antibody · pharmacokinetics · withdrawal · chronic exposure · adaptation · dosage
insulin
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
adipose · thermogenesis · fasting · ketosis · energy expenditure · hormonal · obesity · starvation · metabolic rate · carbohydrate
downregulationupregulation
Increased cellular expression
induction · overexpression · activation · amplification · stimulation
downregulationamplification
Increase in intensity
sensitization · augmentation · positive feedback · excitation · facilitation
regulate, regulation, regulated, regulator, regulatory, regulates, unregulated, deregulation, upregulation