cranial nerve
Head's direct wiring
A cranial nerve is any of twelve pairs of nerves that emerge directly from the brain rather than the spinal cord, controlling functions of the head, neck, and some organs.
They govern senses like smell, sight, and hearing, as well as movements of the face, eyes, and tongue: The doctor tested her cranial nerves by having her follow a penlight.
Of the sense detecting odors
- opticOf the eye
- oculomotorEye movement nerve
- trigeminalThree-branched facial nerve
- facialBeauty service for skin
vagus · accessory · brainstem · foramen · ganglion · nucleus · pathway · innervation
Paralysis with trembling
- lesionArea of pathological change
- neuralgiaSharp pain from irritated nerves
- neuropathyDamage to peripheral nerves
- paresisPartial loss of movement
paralysis · deficit · examination · testing · reflex · diplopia · dysphagia · dysarthria
Sense of scent detection
- visionAbility to see
- hearingPerceiving sound waves
- tasteFlavor perception ability
- balanceSteadiness or amount owed
smell · sight · photoreceptor · cochlea · retina · vestibular · chemoreceptor · proprioception
Lower neural trunk
- midbrainMiddle brain division
- ponsBrainstem relay station
- medulla oblongataLower brainstem structure
- cerebrumBrain's largest division
Shifting of one's gaze
- facial expressionEmotive muscle positioning
- swallowingIngesting via throat muscles
- chewingCrushing food orally
- masticationTeeth-based food breakdown
phonation · speech · tongue movement · head rotation · shoulder shrug · gag reflex · lacrimation · salivation
olfactory
Of the sense detecting odors
- opticOf the eye
- oculomotorEye movement nerve
- trigeminalThree-branched facial nerve
facial · vagus · accessory · brainstem · foramen · ganglion · nucleus · pathway · innervation · afferent
palsy
Paralysis with trembling
- lesionArea of pathological change
- neuralgiaSharp pain from irritated nerves
- neuropathyDamage to peripheral nerves
paresis · paralysis · deficit · examination · testing · reflex · diplopia · dysphagia · dysarthria · anosmia
olfaction
Sense of scent detection
balance · smell · sight · photoreceptor · cochlea · retina · vestibular · chemoreceptor · proprioception · sensation
brainstem
Lower neural trunk
- midbrainMiddle brain division
- ponsBrainstem relay station
- medulla oblongataLower brainstem structure
eye movement
Shifting of one's gaze
- facial expressionEmotive muscle positioning
- swallowingIngesting via throat muscles
- chewingCrushing food orally
mastication · phonation · speech · tongue movement · head rotation · shoulder shrug · gag reflex · lacrimation · salivation · extraocular
- nervesperipheral nerves, spinal nerves, sensory nerves, motor nerves, spinal cord
- brain anatomybrain, cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, cortex
- nerve cellsbrain cell, axon, dendrite, glia, soma
- Neurotologyvestibular system, inner ear, cochlea, balance disorders, vertigo
nerve, cranium, neural, neuron, cranial, neuroscience, neurons, crania, neurosurgeon