citation
Ticket or commendation
A citation is a reference to a source—a book, article, legal case, or other authority.
Academic papers require citations to support claims and avoid plagiarism: The professor marked points off for missing citations.
In law, a citation directs readers to a statute or prior ruling.
A citation is also a summons for a minor offense: a parking citation, a citation for speeding.
Less commonly, citation means official recognition of achievement: a citation for bravery.
Citation at page bottom
- endnoteBack-of-book citation
- quotationCited passage or price
- cross-referenceNotation pointing elsewhere
- attributionAssigning origin or cause
author · publication · volume · issue · page · publisher · date · DOI
Demonstration of truth
- testimonySworn statement as evidence
- corroborationEvidence confirming another account
- verificationProving something accurate
- documentationWritten proof or instructions
exhibit · confirmation · substantiation · validation · authentication · demonstration · indication · supporting
List of cited works
- peer-reviewedEvaluated by field experts
- journalRecord of daily events
- scholarlyMarked by serious learning
- publicationIssued written material
research · footnote · endnote · thesis · dissertation · abstract · methodology · literature review
Writ requiring testimony
- summonsFormal court notification
- courtTrial venue or sports surface
- warrantFormal authorization document
- appearanceOutward visible form
judge · defendant · plaintiff · hearing · arraignment · docket · traffic ticket · violation
Honor given for merit
- honorsRecognition for achievement
- medalMetal honor token
- braveryBoldness before danger
- valorCourage in danger
military · distinguished · meritorious · gallantry · service · heroism · recognition · decoration
footnote
Citation at page bottom
- endnoteBack-of-book citation
- quotationCited passage or price
- cross-referenceNotation pointing elsewhere
attribution · author · publication · volume · issue · page · publisher · date · DOI · ISBN
proof
Demonstration of truth
- testimonySworn statement as evidence
- corroborationEvidence confirming another account
- verificationProving something accurate
documentation · exhibit · confirmation · substantiation · validation · authentication · demonstration · indication · supporting · quotation
bibliography
List of cited works
- peer-reviewedEvaluated by field experts
- journalRecord of daily events
- scholarlyMarked by serious learning
publication · research · footnote · endnote · thesis · dissertation · abstract · methodology · literature review · empirical
subpoena
Writ requiring testimony
- summonsFormal court notification
- courtTrial venue or sports surface
- warrantFormal authorization document
appearance · judge · defendant · plaintiff · hearing · arraignment · docket · traffic ticket · violation · infraction
award
Honor given for merit
valor · military · distinguished · meritorious · gallantry · service · heroism · recognition · decoration · ribbon
- research papersresearch paper, journal article, scholarly article, dissertation, original research
- academiaprofessors, universities, graduation cap, biology department, professor
- researchstudy, research papers, researching, archive, peer review
- academic activitiesdebate, discussion, lecture, seminar, symposium
- book partspage, pages, cover, index, chapter
- honorsmedal, award, trophy, certificate, prize
citationcondemnation
Severe disapproval expressed formally
censure · reprimand · rebuke · reproof · denunciation
citationoriginal text
First unedited version
primary source · original content · original composition · paraphrase
- traffic citationsWritten notices for violations
- citation neededRequest for verification
- in-text citationSource acknowledgment within prose
- legal citationReference to judicial authority
- source citationsDocumented origin references
- research citationsDocumented sources for claims