axonal
Of nerve projections
Axonal describes something relating to or affecting axons—the long, slender projections of nerve cells that conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body.
The term appears in medical and neuroscience contexts: axonal damage, axonal transport, axonal degeneration.
Axonal injury often indicates nerve fiber damage rather than damage to the cell body itself.
Nerve fiber insulation
- sheathProtective blade covering
- microtubuleCylindrical cell structure protein
- cytoskeletonInternal protein support structure
- internodeStem section between nodes
Nerve signal crossing point
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- presynapticBefore the neural junction
- acetylcholineNeurotransmitter for muscles and memory
- glutamateExcitatory neural transmitter
dopamine · serotonin · GABA · exocytosis · receptor
Loss of electrical gradient
- repolarizationMembrane voltage reset
- myelinationFatty nerve coating
- propagationAct of spreading widely
- thresholdPoint of beginning
spike · impulse · anterograde · retrograde · hyperpolarization
Damage to peripheral nerves
- degenerationProgressive loss of function
- demyelinationNerve sheath degradation
- lesionArea of pathological change
- transectionCutting across something entirely
regeneration · sprouting · dystrophy · swelling · spheroid · Guillain-Barré · Charcot-Marie-Tooth · trauma
Small fluid-filled sac
- cargoTransported goods
- microtubuleCylindrical cell structure protein
- organelleSubcellular functional unit
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
myelin
Nerve fiber insulation
- sheathProtective blade covering
- microtubuleCylindrical cell structure protein
- cytoskeletonInternal protein support structure
synapse
Nerve signal crossing point
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- presynapticBefore the neural junction
- acetylcholineNeurotransmitter for muscles and memory
glutamate · dopamine · serotonin · GABA · exocytosis · receptor
depolarization
Loss of electrical gradient
- repolarizationMembrane voltage reset
- myelinationFatty nerve coating
- propagationAct of spreading widely
threshold · spike · impulse · anterograde · retrograde · hyperpolarization
neuropathy
Damage to peripheral nerves
- degenerationProgressive loss of function
- demyelinationNerve sheath degradation
- lesionArea of pathological change
transection · regeneration · sprouting · dystrophy · swelling · spheroid · Guillain-Barré · Charcot-Marie-Tooth · trauma
vesicle
Small fluid-filled sac
- cargoTransported goods
- microtubuleCylindrical cell structure protein
- organelleSubcellular functional unit
- neuro termsneural, neuronal, cerebral, cortical, synaptic
- cell termscellular, cytoplasmic, nuclear, mitotic, eukaryotic