Lewis structures
Dot-based bonding maps
Lewis structures are diagrams showing how atoms bond in molecules, using dots to represent valence electrons and lines to represent shared electron pairs.
Named after chemist Gilbert N.
Lewis, they reveal molecular geometry and help predict chemical behavior: Draw the Lewis structure for water to see why it's bent, not linear.
Shared-electron atomic link
- ionic bondElectrostatic attraction between ions
- single bondOne electron pair shared
- double bondTwo shared electron pairs
- triple bondThree electron pairs shared
pi bond · shared electrons · bond energy · bond order · hydrogen bond
Mixing distinct genetic lines
- tetrahedralHaving four triangular sides
- linearArranged in straight succession
- bentCurved; also dishonest
- octahedralEight-faced geometric form
Clear essential liquid
- ammoniaAcrid nitrogen-hydrogen gas
- methaneSimplest alkane fuel
- carbon dioxideRespiration byproduct, photosynthesis fuel
- ozoneTriatomic oxygen allotrope
nitrate · sulfate · phosphate · carbonate · formaldehyde · ethylene · acetylene · hydrogen cyanide
Distribution across multiple sites
- conjugationVerb form variation system
- aromaticityCyclic pi-electron stabilization
- benzene ringSix-membered carbon cycle
covalent bond
Shared-electron atomic link
- ionic bondElectrostatic attraction between ions
- single bondOne electron pair shared
- double bondTwo shared electron pairs
triple bond · pi bond · shared electrons · bond energy · bond order · hydrogen bond
hybridization
Mixing distinct genetic lines
- tetrahedralHaving four triangular sides
- linearArranged in straight succession
- bentCurved; also dishonest
octahedral · seesaw · T-shaped
valence electron
Outermost orbital electron
water
Clear essential liquid
- ammoniaAcrid nitrogen-hydrogen gas
- methaneSimplest alkane fuel
- carbon dioxideRespiration byproduct, photosynthesis fuel
ozone · nitrate · sulfate · phosphate · carbonate · formaldehyde · ethylene · acetylene · hydrogen cyanide · sulfur dioxide
Fischer projection
2D chirality representation
delocalization
Distribution across multiple sites
- conjugationVerb form variation system
- aromaticityCyclic pi-electron stabilization
- benzene ringSix-membered carbon cycle
- chemical bondingcovalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, double bonds, single bonds
- Chemical Theoryatomic theory, molecular theory, kinetic theory, quantum theory, ligand field theory
- Chemistry LawsAvogadro's law, Boyle's law, gas laws, ideal gas law, Beer-Lambert law
- Chemistry Calculationsstoichiometry, moles, balancing equations, balanced equation, chemical equation