geoscientists
Planet Earth scholars
Geoscientists are scientists who study the Earth—its structure, composition, processes, and history.
The term encompasses geologists, geophysicists, oceanographers, and others who investigate everything from plate tectonics to groundwater systems.
The oil company employed geoscientists to locate new drilling sites.
Geoscientists warned that the aquifer was being depleted faster than it could recharge.
Sudden ground movement
- landslidesMasses of earth falling
- tsunamisEarthquake-generated ocean waves
- volcanic eruptionsExplosive magma discharge from peaks
- sinkholesGround collapse cavities
subsidence · risk assessment · early warning · mitigation · disaster preparedness · liquefaction
Measuring and charting terrain
- mappingDiagram of correspondences
- drillingHole-making by rotation
- core samplesCylindrical sections extracted by boring
- prospectingSearching for mineral wealth
remote sensing · fieldwork · gravimetry · sonar · sampling · GPS positioning · field notebooks · rock hammer
Study of ground tremors
- mineralogyScience of inorganic solids
- petrologyScientific study of rocks
- sedimentologyStudy of geological deposits
- paleoclimatologyStudy of prehistoric climates
geochronology · planetary science · tectonics · geomorphology · crystallography · stratigraphy · volcanology · oceanography
Violent sudden release
- lavaErupted liquid stone
- magmaMolten rock underground
- calderaCollapsed volcanic summit basin
- craterImpact or volcanic basin
pyroclastic · ash · pumice · tephra · fumarole · lahar · volcanic hazards · monitoring
Natural underground hydrocarbon liquid
- hydrocarbonsCarbon-hydrogen organic compounds
- miningExtracting earth's resources
- groundwaterWater in underground rock
- aquifersWater-bearing rock formations
Study of ancient organisms
- dinosaursExtinct prehistoric reptiles
- trilobitesExtinct marine arthropods
- amberHardened ancient tree secretion
- extinctionComplete vanishing of a species
stratigraphy · petrification · megafauna · paleobiology · paleoecology · coprolites · trace fossils · fossil record
Crust plus upper mantle
- asthenosphereDuctile upper mantle layer
- mantleCovering or wrap
- coreCentral essential portion
- earth's crustPlanet's outermost solid layer
tectonics · plate boundaries · subduction · faults · continental drift · seismic waves · inner core · outer core
Formed from cooled magma
- sedimentaryFormed from deposited material
- metamorphicUndergoing structural change
- quartzCrystalline silicon dioxide
- graniteIgneous rock, quartz-rich
limestone · basalt · schist · marble · sandstone · slate · gypsum · silicate
Subaqueous topographical measurement
- seafloorOcean's solid base
- continental shelfSubmerged perimeter of landmass
- abyssalExtremely deep, unmeasurable
- hydrothermal ventsSubmarine volcanic water jets
earthquakes
Sudden ground movement
- landslidesMasses of earth falling
- tsunamisEarthquake-generated ocean waves
- volcanic eruptionsExplosive magma discharge from peaks
sinkholes · subsidence · risk assessment · early warning · mitigation · disaster preparedness · liquefaction
surveying
Measuring and charting terrain
- mappingDiagram of correspondences
- drillingHole-making by rotation
- core samplesCylindrical sections extracted by boring
prospecting · remote sensing · fieldwork · gravimetry · sonar · sampling · GPS positioning · field notebooks · rock hammer · hand lens
seismology
Study of ground tremors
- mineralogyScience of inorganic solids
- petrologyScientific study of rocks
- sedimentologyStudy of geological deposits
paleoclimatology · geochronology · planetary science · tectonics · geomorphology · crystallography · stratigraphy · volcanology · oceanography · paleontology
eruption
Violent sudden release
crater · pyroclastic · ash · pumice · tephra · fumarole · lahar · volcanic hazards · monitoring · tuff
petroleum
Natural underground hydrocarbon liquid
- hydrocarbonsCarbon-hydrogen organic compounds
- miningExtracting earth's resources
- groundwaterWater in underground rock
paleontology
Study of ancient organisms
- dinosaursExtinct prehistoric reptiles
- trilobitesExtinct marine arthropods
- amberHardened ancient tree secretion
extinction · stratigraphy · petrification · megafauna · paleobiology · paleoecology · coprolites · trace fossils · fossil record · radiometric dating
lithosphere
Crust plus upper mantle
- asthenosphereDuctile upper mantle layer
- mantleCovering or wrap
- coreCentral essential portion
earth's crust · tectonics · plate boundaries · subduction · faults · continental drift · seismic waves · inner core · outer core
igneous
Formed from cooled magma
- sedimentaryFormed from deposited material
- metamorphicUndergoing structural change
- quartzCrystalline silicon dioxide
granite · limestone · basalt · schist · marble · sandstone · slate · gypsum · silicate · carbonate
bathymetry
Subaqueous topographical measurement
- seafloorOcean's solid base
- continental shelfSubmerged perimeter of landmass
- abyssalExtremely deep, unmeasurable
hydrothermal vents · seamounts · subduction zones · oceanic crust
- earth scientistsgeologists, geophysicists, geochemists, seismologists, volcanologists
geoscientistsastronomers
Scientists studying celestial bodies
astrophysicists · cosmologists · biologists · rocket scientists · marine biologists
geoscientistsastronomers
Scientists studying celestial bodies
astrophysicists · cosmologists · biologists · marine biologists · microbiologists